Bottling Company

BOTTLING COMPANY History of coca cola bottles: CocaCola’s history has got a lot of bottle – more than 115 years’ worth, in fact. The world’s favourite soft drink started life as a soda fountain beverage, selling for five cents a glass, but it was only when a strong bottling system developed that CocaCola became the world-famous brand it is today. 1894 – A modest start for a bold idea Mississippi shop owner Joseph A. Biedenharn began bottling CocaCola after he was impressed by its sales.He sold the drink to his customers in a common glass bottle called a Hutchinson. At the time Biedenharn sent a case to Asa Griggs Candler, who owned the Company. Candler thanked him but took no action. One of his nephews already had urged that CocaCola be bottled, but Candler focused on fountain sales. 1916 – Birth of the contour bottle Bottlers worried that a straight-sided bottle wasn’t distinctive enough and that CocaCola was becoming easily confused with ‘copycat’ brands. Glass manufacturers were approached to come up with a unique bottle design for CocaCola.The Root Glass Company of Terre Haute, Indiana, designed with the famous contour shape, which won enthusiastic approval from CocaCola in 1915 and was introduced in 1916. * The contour bottle design was inspired by the curves and grooves of a cocoa bean. * Today, it's one of the most recognised icons in the world – even in the dark. * Blues players have been known to use necks from CocaCola's contour bottles to play slide guitar, coining the term ‘bottleneck slide'. 1923 – Six packs Six pack carriers of CocaCola bottles were introduced to encourage people to take their drinks home – and were a huge hit. 928 – Bottle overtakes fountain For the first time, the volume of CocaCola sold in bottles exceeded the amount sold through soda fountains. 1950 – Media moments The CocaCola contour bottle was the first commercial product to appear on the cover of TIME magazine, establishing CocaCola as a truly international brand. Also this year, the first television advert featuring CocaCola's contour bottle appeared during CBS' The Edgar Bergen-Charlie McCarthy Show. 1955 – Packaging innovations For the first time, people could buy different sized bottles of CocaCola. As well as the traditional 6. ounce contour bottle, shops also started selling larger 10, 12 and 26 ounce versions. 1960 – Trademark no. 1 The contour bottle with the word ‘CocaCola’ written on it received its first trademark from the US Patent and Trademark Office. 1977 – Trademark no. 2 The CocaCola contour bottle was granted a second trademark for the contour shape itself, with no words written on it. 1978 – Recyclable bottles CocaCola introduced the world to the two litre PET plastic bottle. It became popular for a lot of reasons: it doesn’t break; it’s re-sealable, lightweight and recyclable . 2000 – Reducing wasteCocaCola introduced the ultra-glass contour bottle designed for improved impact resistance, reduced weight and cost. These bottles are 40 per cent stronger and 20 per cent lighter than the original CocaCola contour bottle – saving approximately 52,000 metric tons of glass in 2006. 2005 – Aluminium bottles CocaCola joined forces with design firms from five continents to launch a new aluminium contour bottle called the ‘M5’ (Magnificent 5). 2009 – Green bottles CocaCola launched the innovative  PlantBottle  in the US, a completely recyclable PET container made with 30 per cent plant materials, including sugar cane extracts. 011 – Going green globally PlantBottle packaging is available in nine countries with launches planned for many additional markets in 2011 and beyond. MISSION PET In this context, what was the appropriate response by CCBPI? The environmental predicament was clear-cut and the decisions and dir ections were defining moments of the company management’s assessment of the situation. It was amidst this situation, the program Mission PET was born in the last quarter of Year 2000. PET stands for Pinoy Environment Team to underscore the indigenous Filipino endeavor. Its objectives are: . To promote recognition of CCBPI’s one-way containers as recyclables and to encourage collection and recovery of these post consumer beverage containers; 2. To encourage among strategic stakeholders the environmental responsibility through education and information dissemination; 3. To marshal the youth to undertake collection and recovery of the one-way PET containers and to guide them in linking up with environmentally minded organizations; 4. To mirror management’s active response to a critical social problem. Mission PET target audience is a wide spectrum of stakeholders.People of all ages and walks of life consume Coca-Cola products; obviously, they are also garbage gener ators. Recycling of PET Containers There is now a PET Recycling Technology present in Metro Manila area. Forever Fiber Corporation in Pulang Lupa, Valenzuela City, has registered with the Board of Investments and obtained Income Tax Holiday for six years from April 2002 for the annual production of 1,583,733 kilograms of polyester staple fiber, necessary for the production of yarn for industrial garments and fibers. In Year 1, Forever Fiber will use 1,456 tons of used PET bottles, and by Year 5, it would be needing 2,043 tons of used PET.Multipet Corporation in Malinta, Valenzuela City produces strapping materials, commonly called â€Å"plehe†, from recycled PET wastes. Such materials are used locally and abroad for strapping boxes or cargoes, such as for mangoes, suha or durian. Out of its annual output of 460 tons per year, Multipet channels approximately 5% of its output to low-income communities in Malabon and Navotas where enterprising families weave market baskets (bayo ng), knapsacks and folding beds, for livelihood. A thriving market exists for 15 large consolidators known as Metro Recycling Association who xport every month about 400 tons of PET flakes as feedstock for the enormous non-woven fiber factories in China and Korea to produce polyester. Polyester is a part of such â€Å"sosyal† items as Patagonia bags, Nike shoes, skiers’ windbreakers, jackets, carpets and comforters. Think about this for a moment: If your outerwear or innerwear trademark says: â€Å"Polyester, or Polyester with cotton, or Polyester with rayon† -in all possibility, you are wearing recycled Coca-Cola PET bottles! Recycling of Aluminum Cans Reynolds Recycling Corporation’s two (2) furnaces in Dasmarinas, Cavite, are, for the moment, silent, shutdown.But further West in Barangay Osorio, in Trece Martires City, there is Cavite Aluminum Recycling Corp. producing aluminum ingots for the Philippine market and the aluminum alloy requirements of ind ustries in Japan. In addition, there are dozens of registered – – and unregistered – – converters producing aluminum sheets for cooking woks and claddings – – mostly from recycled aluminum beverage containers. Today, Metro Manila Linis Ganda’s members and other junk shops – – there are at least 1,200 registered in Metro Manila – – earn handsomely from the collection of PET and UBCs. So do their eco-aides.Just look at the tons of collected by the Linis Ganda coops in the years 1999, 2000 and 2001. Unseen by the public eye are the big warehouses compacting UBCs into 20-kilo blocks for export via container ship to Japan, China, Malaysia, and U. S. Aluminum, by the way, is perpetually recyclable! And aluminum scrap price is a reference for trading at the London Metal Exchange. Look at the growth of aluminum scrap exports: Collection by Mission PET Recovery Centers For the past 21 months, the Centers have redeem ed 4,200,000 (million) and 3,000,000 (million) pieces of aluminum and PET containers, respectively.That’s what we have directly scooped out of the waste stream. In 2001, Philippines exported 23,053 tons of aluminum scrap with a value of US$416,145,305. For PET, the country recovered about 5,040 metric tons in 2001 from the 24,000 metric tons that we generated in the form of resin, pre-form and bottle container. That is a recovery rate of 21 percent! PET or polyethylene terephthalate is the familiar soft plastic popularly used in myriad consumer and household products because of its lightweight, clarity and shatter-resistance.It is a polymer, a kind of plastic. Among the seven classifications of plastic, PET is coded â€Å"1† in the international recycling logo. (See Appendix C. ) The marking, made by the U. S. Society of Plastic Industry, is found at the bottom of the container to facilitate its segregation and recycling. The Seven Types of Plastics commonly used in th e Philippines 1. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Common uses: soft drink bottles, cooking oil bottles, peanut butter jugs, water bottles 2. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)Common uses: detergent bottles, milk jugs, grocery bags 3. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Common uses: plastic pipes, outdoor furniture 4. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Common uses: produce bags, food storage containers 5. Polypropylene (PP) Common uses: aerosol caps, drinking straws 6. Polystyrene (PS) Common uses: packaging pellets, cups, meat trays 7. Others Common uses: certain kind of food containers Report in N. S. E: Bottling Company REpOrTeRs: Cacayorin, Sarah Jane Mabini, Sherwin John Submitted to: Ms. Mercedes Mascarina

Paracrisis Essay

Communication is faster than ever due to the advent of the Internet and social media which are venues for forum, interaction and information/issue dissemination, Today, nearly half a billion people around the world utilize the Internet. In the United States alone, about 155 million Americans access the Internet at home, with some citizens accessing the Internet only at work. Internet use by consumers in other countries, especially Japan (49 million users), the United Kingdom (29 million), Germany (36 million), Brazil (25 million) and France (31 million), has escalated rapidly. (Ferrell, Thorne, & Ferrell, 2012). The increasing number of Internet users warrant firms’ closer attention to and effective management of paracrises. In particular, Nestle’s case in 2010 exemplifies the need to respond pro-actively to social media attack initiated by Greenpeace rather than by not acknowledging the challenge or fighting back against the challenge. If not properly and timely addres sed, this may result to a web of chaos for Nestle. Greenpeace is a global campaigning organisation that enhances to change attitudes and behaviour of people in order to protect and conserve the environment. (About Greenpeace, n.d.) The reputational threat instigated by Greenpeace stemmed from Nestle’s weak stakeholder/customer relations which is a factor in selling products/services, one of the seven basic functions of marketing. Though it is true that supplier contracts including one with Sinar Mas Group should have been reviewed at the onset to check if these are aligned to the company’s social responsibility mandate, the paracrisis could have been immediately addressed should management responded to every single complaint in its social media. Based on my analysis, in general, Nestle’s performance in individual functional areas of business is strong. Financial performance is outstanding as group sales and earnings before income tax (EBIT) per its 2010 Annual Report are increasing from CHF 107,618 million to CHF 109,722 million and CHF 15,699 million to CHF 16,194 million in 2009 to 2010. It was also able to manage company’s debt as net financial debt was reduced to CHF 18,085 milli on to CHF 3,854 million which now only comprised 6.2 percent of equity from the staggering 37 percent in 2009. On the marketing side, Nestle is a well-known brand all  over the world, in fact, number 1 in the food industry offering diverse products. Other functional areas of Nestle including operations, research and development, information systems per my research and analysis, are performing effectively. On the external factor aspect, based on my analysis, firm’s strategies take advantage of the existing opportunities and minimize potential adverse effects of threats. First, food (and beverage) industry is observed to be resilient vis-à  -vis other industries during and immediately after the global economic crisis in 2008. The economic value has had an opposite impact on food and beverage industry. The major concern of these industries is increasing transportation costs for which people have to spend. Nevertheless, the food and beverage industry has been relatively less affected when compared to other industries. This is mainly attributed to the fact that food products continue to be essential to consumers in spite of the slowdown. A comparison between the S&P 500 and the Dow Jones US Food and Beverage Index in 2008 is testimony to the resilient nature of this industry. In 2008, the S&P 500 declined 37.6 percent against a fall of 22.9 percent by the Dow Jones US Food and Beve rage Index. (IMAP, 2010). Second, people are becoming more health-conscious and are now demanding nutritious products in which Nestle has the capability to produce. Company’s response to these major opportunities is superior. However, reputational attack initiated by Greenpeace could damage Nestle’s franchise value and could result in loss of business and consumer trust. Though Nestle could have adopted the following mutually exclusive strategies to respond to paracrisis – repentance, refutation and refusal, it is apparent that repentance, a reform strategy will create a harmonious relationship with its stakeholders, hence, the best or the only feasible paracrisis strategy response. Damage to franchise value caused by increasing trajectory of the paracrisis outweighs the cost of changing organizational practices (change supplier) to reflect the demands of Greenpeace. The combined effect of the voices not only from Greenpeace but also from specialist media and mainstream media and commentary on multiple blogs will be damaged reputation and loss of business. Adopting the refutation and refusal strategies will only create organizational hiatus and worst, crisis. Now that repentance is deemed most feasible, the following independent courses of actions could be employed by the crisis management team at the  point of view of marketing communicatio ns and public relations: 1. Filter pressing and critical issues for appropriate action of Board of Directors and/or Senior Management while attending to minor issues; 2. Resolve all issues – critical or not at their level and respond to these issues through social media in an appropriate and timely fashion; 3. Respond only to issues deemed critical. The first alternative course of action is deemed most feasible. Critical issues could be discussed at the top level of the organization giving the Board and Senior Management the opportunity to carefully review them and adjust company strategies, if necessary. Board and Senior Management sets the tone at the top and has the ultimate responsibility in running the business, hence, they should be fully aware of these critical issues. The crisis management team, on the other hand, should timely and appropriately respond to all issues – critical or not, with an end of assuring its stakeholders that these issues are being resolve d by the company. Minor issues can then be resolved at their level. The public should be made aware, implied or expressed, that the company is taking actions and is responsive to customer/stakeholders’ concerns. My recommendation to address the company’s central problem as mentioned in the above paragraph should be complemented by medium to long-term action plans which includes strengthening its stakeholder relations program; and annual or periodic review of company’s adherence to its mission and vision statements, strategies and business principles. First, stakeholder relations program should be strengthened by keeping community relations at the highest level, improving the customer climate, and maintaining good public image. The â€Å"Be redundant and sprawl† rule is highly applicable to prevent a crisis from happening in this particular case of Nestle. Posting articles on its commitment to social responsibility on different sites including its own website will help the company to vindicate itself from any gross reputati onal attack. Nestle should as well develop a comprehensive and effective communication and marketing strategy. Second, conducting an annual or periodic review of company’s adherence to its mission and vision statements, strategies and business principles will save the company from dealings that may taint company’s reputation. Nestle is committed to its business principles in all countries, taking into account local legislation, cultural and religious practices which include supplier and customer  relations. Nestle require its suppliers, agents, subcontractors and their employees to demonstrate honesty, integrity and fairness and to adhere to its non-negotiable standards. In the same way, Nestle is committed towards its own customers. (Nestle’s Corporate Business Principles, n.d.). These business principles, more particularly supplier and customer relations, should be reviewed not only on first dealings but on a continuous basis. Nestle’s objective is to be the recognized leader in nutrition, health and wellness and the industry reference for financial performance. (Nestle Annual Report, 2010) Remaining at the number 1 spot in the food industry busily catering to customer orders and demands while projecting mounting sales and profits could have prevented Nestle from responding to social media campaigns against irresponsible sourcing of palm oil. Apparently, Nestle failed to live by its dogma of social responsibility. Notwithstanding its desire to be viewed as socially responsible, it was not the actual picture then. Nestle was callous to people’s call for reform until it grew and became a sensation. Nestle should have an effective management team to manage paracrises or reputational threats. Everything seems so stable in an organization like Nestl e, but its management should not discount the fact the power of its stakeholders to cause reputational threat. Bibliography (2010). Nestle Annual Report. Ferrell, O. C., Thorne, D. M., & Ferrell, L. (2012). Social Responsibility and Business. Singapore: Cengage Learning. IMAP. (2010). Food and Beverage Industry Global Report. About Greenpeace. (n.d.). Retrieved from Greenpeace International: http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/about/ Nestle’s Corporate Business Principles. (n.d.). Retrieved from Nestle: http://www.nestle.com/aboutus/businessprinciples

Final Essay Questions - Law Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Final Questions - Law - Essay Example Both these scripts have almost similar concept that an offender should give â€Å"life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand and foot for foot†. Many old scripts and various religious dogmas have considered death penalty as an effective punishment and have justified that death penalty only can give greatest justice to the victim who has been murdered or killed. Arguments against the death penalty emerged only in 1700s, when few writers and philosophers including Italian scholar Cesare Beccaria began to question whether the death penalty is justice and ethical. They argued that capital punishment is unethical and barbaric. According to their arguments, killing a criminal makes a nation more brutal (Guernsey, 2009, p. 10). Crimes that are punishable by death are called capital punishment. Murder is the only capital crime many countries that apply death penalty. Child rape, treason, aircraft hijacking etc are also considered to be capital crimes in some countries. At the very forefronts of the debate of death penalty lies deterrence theory, that has long been a cornerstone that many researchers and scholars have used to argue for the death penalty. Deterrence theory have several times been quoted by judges, persecutors, officials and legal authoritative people to justify death penalty (Gerber and Johnson, 2007, p. 62). The basic consensus of the deterrence theory is that death penalty serves a general deterrence to crime. Based on studies, Mandery (2005, p. 49) concluded that there is wide consensus among America’s top criminologists that the death penalty does or it can reduce the rates of criminal violence among the society. People are more likely to be afraid of punishment. Strong punishment remains to be stronger shield for the criminals to get rid of their common criminal attitude. As Marzilli (2008, p. 21) observed, a strongest argument for the death penalty is its deterrence value that is based on common sense. People are afrai d of dying and hence people will be discouraged by the possibility of being sentenced to death for committing certain crimes that will cause them death. US Criminal Justice system has supported this straight forward logic. Almost all the people who were sentenced to death were appealing their sentence and this showed that they did not wish to die. Death penalty is morally correct because it is an effective method to provide the greatest justice for the victim and to alleviate the psychic pain of the victim’s family and relatives or friends etc. Alleviation of the psychic pain is more evident from family members and political followers etc. Death penalty circulates a moral statement to the public that there is a common behaviour that is more unacceptable to the community that one who indulges in killing, murdering or raping a child will be forfeited his right to live (Siegel, 2009, p. 513). When a criminal is killed by the law due to his criminal behaviour of killing others, t he community will be safe and the society will no longer be afraid of his mischief, and this supports the argument that death penalty is morally correct. Death penalty not only deters others people from doing such behaviors, but also saves community from people who are threats to social life as well. Rational Calculator Model Gerber and Johnson (2007, p. 63) found that supporters of the death penalty including Professor Pojman claims that death penal

A response paper, make the topic creative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A response paper, make the topic creative - Essay Example Her challenge, however, is to do so without seeming to minimize the horror of what happened at Tuskegee. One of the most important aspects of her research is the focus on actually interviewing and interacting, to the degree possible, with people involved with the experiments. She does this to reduce the melodrama involved with the reporting and understanding of these events. In a lecture at Loyola University, she powerfully explains the why this is important. Melodrama, she says, is a story in which the characters â€Å"aren’t important† – they are an afterthought used to â€Å"fill in the gaps,† while in a drama, the characters are central (Reverby Lecture 2012). Historians, she says, should write drama. The problem with melodrama is that it reduces everyone involved to set pieces. In a historical context, this obstructs retellings of the true history, but possibly more importantly, it makes the melodramatic experience seem exceptional, and obfuscates its connection to societal constructs of oppression. She rejects the idea that melodrama is all that could be had of an experience such as this. She powerfully states her aim in the opening of her work, Examining Tuskegee, where she asserts that â€Å"there are truths here [in Tuskegee] – facts that fit the evidence better than do others† (Reverby 9). One such fact, for instance, patients eventually did get treatments – just not enough of them. It turned from a story of non-treatment to â€Å"under treatment† (Reverby 117). Why is this important? Under-treatment of othered people, she argues, is incredibly normative. It happens all the time. Thus, by treating the Tuskegee experiments as some sort of horrific monstrosity, the commonality of aspects of what happened there are lost, so the focus is on the exceptional horrific problem than the very common, barely less horrific one. Furthermore,

Judicial Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Judicial Review - Essay Example Kovac’s tea with sleeping pills’. The drug alleged to have spiked into the teacher’s hot beverage was diphendyramine citrate. The head teacher, in reaching his decision, relied on statements recorded by Ms. P, the claimant’s fellow student and Mrs. Kovac, the alleged victim. 3. According to the complainant’s main witness, one Ms. P who recordeda statementstating that during the morning break, she had been curious of what the claimant was up to and had followed her to classwhere the claimant was alone and seen â€Å"Veronica (the claimant herein)openherbag,takeoutasmallpacketofwhatlookedlike medicine(Icouldn’tseeexactlywhatitwasasitwas smallandIwastoofar away).Shethen wentovertoMrs.Kovac’s desk.IcouldclearlyseethemugMrs.Kovacusesonherdesk.Itisverylargeandhasâ€Å"world’sbestteacher†written on it.Veronica thendroppedsomething intothemug.Sheput thepacketbackin herbagandturnedtowardsthedoorIranawayimmediatelyasIdidn’twant her toknowthat I’dseen her. Idon’t think she saw me.†Witness P further records that while in her French class there ensured some commotion in the hallway outside when Mrs. Kovac had passed out and an ambulance had to be called. However, she does not state the exact time when sh e had attended the said French class. Neither Mr. Carey nor Mrs. Kovaccorroborates Witness P’s allegations. 4. The claimant states that the Head teacher, Board and Panel erred by not taking notice of the fact that Witness P, whom the claimant believed to be Ms. Pauline and the claimant herein were not in good terms. The claimant further states that Pauline and the claimant have had disagreements after the claimant started dating Paulina’s former boyfriend, Steven. The claimant’s mother aptly puts it: â€Å"Pauline was devastated when he (Steven) dumped her and got together with my daughter. She has hated Veronica ever since. I know that they havehadverbalfightsinclass,sotheteachers

Computer Professional Ethics Journal #2 & #3 Essay

Computer Professional Ethics Journal #2 & #3 - Essay Example With such inevitability, there is a need to make precautionary measures to counter forces that are bound to "steal" their "intellectual rights". In the United States, there has been a growing problem in appellate courts particularly in patentability of computer programs where they have been struggling with the subject matter requirement for patentability. The courts have been having trouble deciding whether various types of software can be accurately characterized as falling under any of the areas of patentable subject matter such as "processes" or "machines". During the early 70s, this has been the problem in the case of Gottschalk v. Benson, where the Court framed the issue as "The question is whether the method described and claimed is a process within the meaning of the Patent Act." As the years progressed, problems in patentability became more critical and complex. From the definition of "process", issues in patentability also delved into software originality, novelty, piracy, p rotection, and even at face value "stealing" (by pirating or recruiting the computer scientists from another company). And because of this, computer scientists must be well aware of these facts so that they could create counter measures such as security programs, password protections, and other suitable alternative

Marketing to Hispanic Americans Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing to Hispanic Americans - Research Paper Example Companies and business firms that use specific Hispanic business models to target Hispanic consumer are likely to become successful in the highly volatile and competitive business world.   Marketing to Hispanics should take the aspect of ethnicity into consideration because ethnicity is important to all minorities for the purpose of identity. 67% of Hispanics suggest that ethnicity is an important element of their identity. Furthermore, 78% of them suggest that they are proud of their ethnic identity (Yahoo, n.d.). Ethnicity determines the individuality, faith, values, views on gender roles, and consumption behaviors and attitudes of the Hispanics. This makes the aspect of ethnicity even more significant in marketing to Hispanics. Drivers of ethnicity for Hispanics in America include political views, speech and dialect, reunions, family, gatherings, eating habits and preferences, and home dà ©cor. Hispanic reactions to news content are often motivated by ethnicity. For instance, ethnicity influences the choices of Hispanic Americans regarding fashion and style, beauty, finance, entertainment, food, and restaurants. The shopping content of Hispanic Americans is als o influenced by ethnicity.   Hispanic Americans may be classified into first and second generations. For both first and second generation Hispanic Americans, ethnicity is an important aspect their present and past. However, first generations Hispanics are connected with their ethnicity more strongly than second-generation Hispanics. First generation Hispanics are ethnically influenced by their Spanish shopping content, but second-generation Hispanics are not much influenced by their ethnic Spanish shopping content (Valdà ©s, 2000). Both first and second generation Hispanics are greatly influenced by how news media and marketing campaigns in the media cover them.

Vikane Gas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Vikane Gas - Essay Example fectively destroys insects at all the active stages of life, whereas it has to be administered in higher doses or for longer periods of exposure to kill insect eggs. It is a highly toxic gas, which acts as a central nervous system depressant; and high concentrations can lead to respiratory failure. The odorless, colorless gas has no warning characteristics (Kamrin 1997) hence it contains the irritant chloropicrin as a warning indicator. Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the properties, functions, uses, toxic effects, and various other dimensions of Vikane Gas or Sulfuryl Fluoride. The detection methods and treatment for nerve gases will also be examined. Significantly, sulfuryl fluoride is licensed for use in several countries, which is an important consideration in increasing the use of the fumigant in postharvest control technology. It is currently registered as a structural fumigant, â€Å"and may be effective as a general commodity disinfestation treatment and as a quarantine treatment† (Zettler and Arthur 2000, p.581). In food premises storing grains the fumigant is used carefully because of its toxicity. Further, it is used as a quarantine treatment for dried fruits and nuts where control of the tolerant egg stage need not be taken into consideration; as in destroying an infestation of C. pomonella on walnuts and A. transitella on almonds. Sulfuryl fluoride has the lowest boiling point of any fumigant, -55.20C, and hence is in the gaseous state under all practical fumigation conditions. The exposure routes are mainly through inhalation and through the skin. Vikane gas, a Restricted Use Pesticide is in a pressurized condition in a steel cylinder from which it is dispensed through a hose into the interior of the sealed structure. After the elapse of a period of time, when air levels of sulfuryl fluoride have lowered to 1 part per million (ppm) or less, the interior of the structure is aerated. The Hazard Evaluation Division (HED)

Free

Free will Determinism Essay Free will is the power to choose among real alternative possibilities. To have free will is to have what it takes to act freely. When an agent acts freely (when she exercises her free will) what she does is up to her. A plurality of alternatives is open to her, and she determines which she pursues. When she does, she is an ultimate source or origin of her action. So runs a familiar conception of free will. Incompatibility holds that we act freely in this sense only if determinism is false. Some say little more about what, besides indeterminism, free will requires. And, yes, the task of providing an incompatibility account is not an easy one. If the truth of determinism would prevent free will, it is far from obvious how indeterminism would help. To assess the point to which free will is compatible with Determinism, one must first consider other approaches to the concept of free will and whether we, in fact, possess it. A Hard Determinist, such as Honderich, would claim that individuals are not free to initiate actions or make moral decisions, by this means making the concept of moral responsibility unnecessary. Any moral decisions we make have uncontrollable prior causes. Therefore, a Hard Determinist would support the premise that free will and Determinism are not compatible with one another. Completely different to Hard Determinism is Libertarianism, with which free will is closely compatible. Proponents of this position, such as Kant, maintain that we are all free and should take full moral responsibility for our actions. Between these two extremes stands Compatibilism. Classical Compatibilists, such as Hume, state that most moral decisions are the result of both external determined forces and an internal act of volition or will. In fact, they go so far as to say that true freedom requires causation, without which there would be randomness. Undeniably then, the idea of free will is incompatible with Hard Determinism. A Compatibilist or Soft Determinist, however, would prove false the claim that the two concepts are incompatible. Arguably then, Libertarianism would seem to present the most convincing approach to the issue of free will, in that it acknowledges the role of the individual in moral decision making because of their free will, while accepting that the persons background will, influence the choices they make. Hard Determinism on the other hand, holdsthat we do not have free will and that all seemingly moral actions are the consequences of prior events that are out of our control. The incompatibility between this position and freedom results in the statement that it is unreasonable to hold people responsible for what they do, making praise and blame redundant. If no one is free to do otherwise than they in fact do, it does seem unfair to punish bad actions while rewarding good ones. Furthermore, Science has proved that the world is governed by cause and effect. For a Hard Determinist, human beings are the same as material things, in that they are controlled by the same laws of nature. Our wills, which we believe to be freely gained, are actually the result of a causal chain stretching back into childhood. The fact we are governed by our genes and our environment  means  that our ability to make moral decisions as free agents, is an illusion. Therefore, the Hard Determinist position seems to be incompatible with the concept of free will.

Working in Health and Social Care Essay Example for Free

Working in Health and Social Care Essay For my unit 11 coursework I was required to produce a letter to inform the job of my interest that I was hoping to interview them and to ask for their consent to participate in my interview giving them the choice to take part or not. A consent letter was placed at the bottom of this letter to allow them to tick the answer of their choice. My chosen participant was a midwife in whom I chose to interview because this is the job that I hope to do in my future and I figured it would be interesting to find out more about the job they do. I have recently done a lot of research about this job and have already gained some knowledge of what it is like for a midwife and the job they do. Within my interview I figured I was going to need as much information as I possibly could, hence the reason I used 41 relevant questions. I found that all of my questions worked well in my favour as I found out all that I needed to know from the midwife I interviewed. During the interview I found on some questions I needed extra room to write down what my interviewee was telling me as this must have been a very detailed subject within that job/task. Throughout my interview I used a wide range of question types; however, I particularly used open questions as I found that this gained me the most information and allowed the interviewee to explain what she had been asked in her own words/opinion. I used 13 open questions to help me gain the information I received from my interviewee. For the closed questions in my interview, those which have a basic answer of yes or no, I figured were not the most reliable questions, and therefore the reason I only used a small amount of 7 closed questions, as this only allows the interviewee to state a very basic answer, not being able to explain any feelings which was mainly the reason I used open questions to allow the participant to express their own personal feelings about a certain subject within their job. Some questions I joined some questions together so they were an open with a closed, with this method allowing me to gain a little more information than I would if it was just a closed question. I found it helpful to use ranked questions throughout my interview (a rating scale type question) allowing them to choose an answer from a scale already there for them. This type of question was put into place when I wanted to know how high or low their opinion was e. g. How much job satisfaction do you receive? with a scale of 1 to 10 below for them to circle their numbered opinion 1 being the lowest and 10 being the highest I used a rating scale 4 times throughout my interview. Another type of question that works in the same way as this one is to what extreme in words is their opinion of the question e. g. How much responsibility does your job involve with a range of boxes for them to tick below Very high , High Average, A little and None. Ethics is about a persons behaviour and attitudes towards everyday life, distinguishing between right and wrong. Most people learn ethical norms at home, at school, in church, or in other social settings. Although most people acquire their sense of right and wrong during childhood, moral development occurs throughout life and human beings pass through different stages of growth as they mature. Ethics is about relationships, being true to the idea of who different people are and what they stand for and having courage when it comes to difficult questions that occur throughout life and accepting the cost. For my two chosen jobs, a Midwife and a Care assistant I chosen to interview a midwife as I found that this would be more beneficial to me and my career path, finding out about their job and what they do giving me more of a background idea of what to expect.

The Merchant of Venice

The Merchant of Venice In the play The Merchant of Venice written by William Shakespeare, the character Shylock is a Jewish money lender who lives in a ghetto with his daughter Jessica. He strongly believes in his religion and being a money lender makes him unpopular among the Christian community. He was seen more as a villain to the Elizabethan audience the reason being Jews were thought to be a lower class to the Christians. The Venetian Jews had to live in a ghetto, which would be located outside of the main city with gates that would be locked at the certain time and had to wear an item of clothing to identify that you were a Jew. The modern audiences have more sympathy for the character and Shylock may across as a victim as well as a villain. According to the Collins Pocket Dictionary the definition of villain is a wicked person and a victim is a person or thing harmed or killed. The character of Shylock could be interpreted as both a victim and a villain. As Shylock is a Jew and this would cause him to be treated badly by the Christians. In the Elizabethan times the Venetian Jews were thought of as inferior to the Christians. He is called The Villain Jew and The Dog Jew throughout the play. The Merchant of Venice is about Shylock who is a Jewish money lender. His daughter Jessica runs away with a Christian which is a religion that Shylock deeply despises. Shylock seeks a pound of flesh from Antonio who is unable to pay back the debt from the bond due to his ships being lost in the sea. Due to the law and Antonio being defended and as a result of following the bond through to the end Shylock is forced to give up his religion and money. Shylock comes across as cunning to the audience while deciding whether or not to make the bond between him and Antonio. Three thousand ducats well; for three months, well. The repetition of the word well sounds like he is thinking of a plan and taking advantage of the situation he is in. The man is, notwithstanding, sufficient. Three thousand ducats; I think I may take his bond. By Shylock accepting the bond he comes across as having a plan ready to get revenge on the people that have disgraced him. The way he is speaking sounds like he is plotting an idea in his head to think of a bond that will make the most out of this opportunity. Shylock is again analysing the situation and turning it into a scenario that would greatly benefit him. If I can catch him once upon the hip I can feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him. To feed fat means to get the most out of the situation and ancient grudge shows that his hatred is not only personal but has years of history attached. He has been mistreated for many years by the Christians and he is using this bond as a chance to get revenge for all of the hatred he has built up. Shylock is making the most out of the current situation and making sure he can get a chance for revenge. It shows just how far Shylock would go to get revenge and it can come across as if he is living to get revenge on the Christians. Shylock is not charging interest for the bond but instead he insists that he gets a pound of flesh if Antonio is unable to pay the bond back in three months. Let the forfeit be nominated for an equal pound of your fair flesh to be cut off and taken in what part of your body pleaseth me. This shows Shylock is a horrible man who is driven by revenge rather than money. The pleaseth means Shylock is choosing where he is able to cut the flesh from and he is likely to choose part of the flesh which is going to cause the most amount of damage to Antonio. This makes the audience see Shylock as a villain who is driven by revenge and will try to make the punishment as harsh as possible for Antonio. He also states, A pound of mans flesh, taken from a man, is not so profitable as flesh of muttons, beefs or goats. Shylock is admitting that gaining a pound of flesh would not be of much value to him and he would not be able to gain a profit out of it. Shylock is being sly and doing his best to conv ince Antonio that he is not interested in the flesh. Later on in the scene Shylock is referring to the bond as a merry bond which means that this is as a game doing his best to make Antonio accept the bond. To an Elizabethan and modern audience Shylock would come across as a villain trying the take the life of a Christian. He is going to get revenge by any means and using it to fill his desires to pay back what the Christians have been doing to him for the past years. Shylock is also seen as a villain by his own family. His daughter Jessica finds living in the same house as Shylock in which she describes it as, Our house is hell. This is a metaphor comparing her home to hell which shows just how bad he is as a father for his own daughter Jessica to be saying it. Hell can be considered as torture and it shows that she is not getting treated fairly. It is a way of showing extreme unhappiness and a place that she does not find peaceful and enjoyable to be in. Shylock also tells her to keep herself locked up inside the house while he is not at home. Lock up the doors; and when you hear the drum and the vile squealing of the wry-neckd fife, clamber not you up to the casements then, nor thrusts your head into the public street to gaze on Christian fools with varnishd faces. He is encouraging Jessica to be isolated from the world because of what has happened to him. He is not showing any trust or faith in his daughter because he is encouraging her to loc k all the doors and windows stopping her from coming in contact with any Christians. He is showing his hatred for Christians by not wanting her to get close to them and at the same time is also being prejudiced. She is being imprisoned in her own home and at the same time Shylock is controlling what actions she is allowed and not allowed to do. He is being over-protective about the well being of his own daughter. Jessica says that she is ashamed to be related to her own father. Alack, what heinous sin is it in me, to be ashamd to be my fathers child! But although I am a daughter to his blood, I am not to his manners. Jessica is embarrassed to be Shylocks daughter which makes him seem like a villain. He is treating his daughter so poorly to the point that she does not want to be his daughter anymore. To say she is ashamd shows just how humiliated she is by her father and does not want to be associated with him as his family. Jessica also says to Lorenzo, O Lorenzo! If thou keep promise, I shall end this strife; Become a Christian, and thy loving wife. Jessica saying this shows that she is desperate to escape her current life with her father and live an enjoyable life with someone she loves whilst having the freedom to do as she chooses. Jessica saying this can imply that Shylock is treating his daughter cruelly and doing not choosing what is best for her. She wants to live a life without her f ather shows how overbearing it must be for her to be controlled on how to live and what to do every day. She is also willing to change religions and become a Christian. She is desperate to leave the house and will do anything she can to escape, even if it means changing what she has been brought up in for her whole life. Jessica is also uncomfortable and humiliated by Shylocks actions which is shown by her saying, I am daughter to his blood, I am not to his manners is proof that she is ashamed to be his daughter and does not agree with the actions and opinions of her father. The Elizabethan audience would think of Shylock as a cruel character who mistreats his daughter so much that she wants to run away and leave home. When Shylock hears about his daughter running away with a Christian, he seems more concerned about the loss of his money rather than losing his only blood relative. My daughter! O my ducats! O my daughter! Fled with a Christian! O my Christian ducats . To an Elizabethan audience and Contemporary audience Shylock would come across as a villain for caring more about money than his own daughter. Shylock may come across as being money driven as he is more distraught about losing his money than anything else. Shylock will not be made to look weak in front of the Christians and therefore will not listen to Antonio. He is determined to get his revenge and reassure Antonio there will be no mercy for him. Ill not be made a soft and dull-eyed fool, to shake the head, relent, and sigh, and yield to Christian intercessors. This is showing his hatred for the Christians once again. Shylock is worried that if he listens to Antonio his mind will soften and he will be persuaded. It will show weakness in the way that he is acting. Shylock cleverly uses the insults he has been given to the Christians to his advantage. He is accusing Antonio of calling him a dog without any reason. Since he was called a dog he has a right to be able to behave like one now that he has a chance to. Thou calldst me a dog before thou hadst a cause, But since I am a dog, beware my fangs. This shows that Shylock is badly treated by Antonio, Christians and shows that there is a strong prejudice against the Jews. Shylock is bei ng cunning by using the Christian insults against them. He is taking the most savage of a dog and saying if he is a dog in every other way, then he has fangs and can be equally as savage. Shylock is obsessed with getting his revenge on Antonio and the Christians and his determination to go through with the bond is shown in the scene of the trial. Instead of taking three times the amount of money offered in the bond Shylock insists to go through with the bond. If every ducat in six thousand ducats were in six parts, and every part a ducat, I would not draw them; I would have my bond. This shows us that Shylock is focused on getting revenge on the Christians. Earlier on in the play he showed that money was more important than his own daughter. Shylock thinks of getting revenge as more important than the money which shows how serious he is with the bond and that he is unlikely to change his mind on going through with what the bond says. He has no mercy turning down that much money and he will have his way no matter what, even if a large amount of money is offered to him. The Elizabethan and a Contemporary audience would find him extremely cruel and a character that has n o feelings for others. Shylock acknowledges the fact that a pound of flesh is worthless and will not have as much value as getting the bond paid back to him with interest. If it will feed nothing else, it will feed my revenge. It goes to show how much Shylock is driven by revenge and the lengths that he will go to get what he desires. Even though money is the most important thing to him, it just shows how much he desires to get revenge on the Christians since he rejected money for a chance of revenge. It just shows how passionate he is about getting his pound of flesh. It will feed my revenge shows us that he is not doing this bond for the money but instead he is going to do to Antonio what he has been receiving for years and that will fulfil his desire to retaliate against the Christians. In the court of justice, Portia asks Shylock whether there are balances ready to weigh the flesh. Shylock has them already prepared to weigh the flesh from Antonio. I have them ready. Shylock having the scales all ready to weigh out the pound of flesh, it shows the thirst he has for getting revenge by coming prepared but can also prove that he has been hoping for this situation to happen as he had planned it. Jessica runs off with a Christian and he has also had his money stolen. I have a father, you a daughter lost. Shylock has lost the only blood relative that he has left. Coming from his daughter must be a shock to him and also a great loss. Shylock is blamed for Jessica running away but she never gets blamed for stealing his money or running away from home. Instead Shylock is blamed again for something that was not necessarily his fault. Shylock considered Jessica to be his daughter and bonded by having the same flesh and blood. I say, my daughter is my flesh and blood. This implies that Shylock had always considered Jessica to be part of his family. By Jessica running away and disowning him as a father, Shylock had lost all his family related to him by blood. Jessica is the only family that Shylock has who is still alive. By her abandoning Shylock it shows there is no one left who he can call family. A modern audience will pity him for losing his only family and being abandoned just for trying to ensure the safety of his daughter. He is also upset when he hears the only belonging which he has left of his wife Leah, a jade ring has been given to a wilderness of monkeys. The audience can see that she has emotions like a regular person and is not necessarily the cruel person we perceive him to be throughout the play. Shylock has no sympathy for Antonio due to the reason he has been treated by him in the past. Shylock is only treating Antonio how he got treated in the past. .He hath disgraced me and whats his reason? I am a Jew. This is further evidence that Shylock is being mistreated for his religion and being hated without people getting to know him first. This makes the modern audience feel sorry for Shylocks character and therefore he can come across as a victim for simply being judged on his religion. Shylock feels that Christian and Jews are equal and are just as important as each other. Hath not a Jew eyes? do we not die?. Shylock is making a speech in act two scene three making a passionate speech declaring that it does not matter if you are Jewish or a Christian people are still the same. You both die and you both have eyes to see. This brings across the message that everyone is the same and that just because you believe in a certain religion does not change your status or how you should be viewed and treated. Shylock is getting his point across to the audience that everyone is equal and therefore should be treated with the same amount of respect. By the end of the speech he changed from a victim to a villain who is determined to get revenge. Why revenge. The villainy you teach me, I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction. He is showing his true colours and that he will not be easily convinced to spare Antonios life. He is following the example o f the Christians and giving them the same attitude as he was given to them in the past. In the court act four, the Duke is showing sympathy for Antonio by saying I am sorry for thee. Thou art come to answer a stony adversary, an inhuman wretch, incapable of pity, void and empty from any dram of mercy. Shylock can be seen as getting victimised as he has no way to defend himself since he is getting mistreated from when he enters the court. He did not have a chance of getting judged fairly and as a result it would lead to Shylock being seen as the one whom is revenge driven. Since the majority of the people in court are Christians they would side with Antonio making Shylock victimised by being alone and having no one to defend his side of the argument. Shylock is being lowered to the lowest someone who is not human and a person who in unable to feel any emotions. He is unable to feel sympathy for Antonio since he is going to follow his bond through. Shylock is being described as a person who is unable to feel any emotions, and as a result is not feeling any sympathy for An tonio. An Elizabethan Audience will find Shylock a victim as he is refusing to give up on the bond and is willing to follow it through to the end. However a modern audience may have sympathy for Shylock character. He is unable to defend himself against the Dukes words, and is therefore a victim. Antonio punishes Shylock by making him become a Christian and giving half of his fortune to Antonio and the other half to his daughter. He is forced to give up everything that is important to him and which keeps him going in everyday life. Nay, take my life and all; pardon not that: You take my house when you do take the prop that doth sustain my house; you take my life when you do take the means whereby I live. Shylock is devastated by losing his religion and his fortune the two things which he cherishes the most. It shows just how important those things are two him when he is willing to take his life Nay, take my life and all. He is willing to lose his life as a result of losing everything he greatly values in life. You take my house when you do take the prop that doth sustain my house is a sign of how religion and money keep him going in his everyday life. A house is supported by a foundation, and when he says you do take the prop is meaning that the foundation of his life is bei ng taken away from him. He can be seen as being a victim since he is being stripped of everything that is important to him and is being forced to become a Christian even though everyone else knows how much he hates them. Shylock would be hated by the Christians when he becomes ones but at the same time he would not be allowed to be with the Jewish community anymore. As a result, it would lead to him outcast in both of the communities. He would have no friends and therefore be isolated for the rest of his life. In conclusion Shylock can be seen as both a villain and a victim. He is driven by revenge and plots his way when he plans to come up with a way to take out his hatred for the Christians that has build up over the years. On the other hand, Shylock may also come across as being victimised. He is constantly being mistreated because of his religion being called a dog and many other insulting words. As a result of the religion he is not liked by the Christian society and may never been seen as someone who is equal to them. Even though Shylock is viewed as both a victim and a villain he has stronger evidence as coming across as a villain since he seems driven with revenge more than anything.

Rhetorical Visions in the Film, American History X Essay -- Films Movi

Rhetorical Visions in the Film, American History X â€Å"Hate is baggage. Life's too short to be pissed off all the time†. This is a quote from the film American History X. This film sends out a powerful message about hate groups such as skinheads and Neo-Nazis. The vision of this movie is to make others aware of the complex life of a skinhead. Through different symbolism we see how society views this group. We also are made aware of the continuous cycle of violence that continues to exist even after a powerful leader changes his view. American History X is important to analyze because it shows how one man’s rhetorical vision changes through life experiences. This film depicts the lifestyles of skinheads and how one person with a vision leads others to worship everything he is and everything he believes in. How can a leader with so much rhetorical vision and passion about one thing change over a period of time? The importance of this film is to observe how a character develops. It also shows a social and psychological issue that has been around for many years and how it only takes one person to change how a group thinks. I will attempt to answer the research question by using Bormann’s Symbolic Convergence Theory and Fantasy Theme. The goal of this paper is to â€Å"provide insight in the shared worldview of a group of rhetors† (Bormann as cited in Foss 121). I will also show repeated phrases that lead to different rhetorical visions. I will explain how fantasy types emerge and also how symbolism reflects the rhetorical visions. The first part of my paper will include two different literary reviews that have been done on fantasy themes. One of them specifically deals with hate groups and how th... ...spectives (1999): Vol. 1 Issue 3: p19, 4p. Academic Premier. InfoTrac. Scarborough- Phillips Lib., Austin, TX. 20 Feb. 2004. Benoit, William L., et al. â€Å"A Fantasy Theme Analysis of Political Cartoons on the Clinton-Lewinsky-Starr Affair.† Critical Studies in Media Communication. Vol.18, No.4, December 2001, 377-394. Billingsley, Robert D. â€Å"Hard working youngsters or Nazi thugs?† Federal Probation; Sep. 93, Vol 57, Issue 3. p88, 2p. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection. InfoTrac. Scarborough-Phillips Lib., Austin, TX 20 Feb. 2004. Duffy, Margaret E. â€Å"Web of Hate: A Fantasy Theme Analysis of the Rhetorical Vision of Hate Groups On Line.† Journal of Communication Inquiry 27:3 (July 2003): 291-312. Foss, Sonja K. Rhetorical Criticism: Exploration & Practice. (2nd Edition). Illinois Heights: Waveland Press. 1989.

Atention Deficit Disorder Pandemic Essay -- mental illness, children,

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (2004), that 3-5% of children have had ADD/ADHD consistently since the 1940’s, although over 15% of children in school take ADD/ADHD prescriptions every day. In which a large portion of the diagnosis are coming straight from the General physician. Family physicians are rarely trained to identify mental illnesses but instead of leaving their scope of practice they diagnose their patient irresponsibly. Misdiagnoses for ADD/ADHD are fairly common since the guidelines of the mental illness is vague and can easily be mistaken for a child just acting immature for his grade. A study done by Michigan State University economist Elder (2010) states: Nearly 1 million children in the United States are potentially misdiagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder simply because they are the youngest -- and most immature -- in their class. Around forty percent of people diagnosed with ADD/ADHD truly have ADD/ADHD; the other 60% of the patients possibly don’t have add/adhd, even though they were diagnosed with it. The truth is when a doctor tries to treat add/adhd in the misdiagnosed patient, the patient is usually prescribed an NRI or a psychoactive stimulant like (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, etc). These meds can work amazing for people who truly have ADD but when the diagnosis is wrong, the the medications can create a damaging effect on the patients neurotransmitters. When I say damaging, I mean neurotoxicity and down regulation to mostly Dopamine but may also affect Serotonin, GABA and even acetylcholine. The damaging effects can be permanent if meds are taken too long. If you have a heart problem you don't go to your normal family physician but a Cardiologist which specializ... ... psychiatric medications only after a diagnosis has been made by a licensed psychiatric specialist. This way people won’t be discouraged from seeking out mental help due to financial problems. A psychiatrist can be expensive if insurance doesn’t cover every visit, so allowing a general physician to write prescriptions after a diagnosis would be far more reasonable on the wallet of all patients. Children with mental disorders shouldn't have to be treated with dangerous drugs unless the treatment truly fits the diagnosis. Work Cited: Todd E. Elder The importance of relative standards in ADHD diagnoses https://msu.edu/~telder/2010-JHE.pdf

Bronwyn Oliver Case Study

What distinctive individual views and features can be seen in the work? A very abstract way of art. A very modernized and unusual interpretation of a unicorn. Oliver was interested in structural formation, in the principles of ‘spiraling, wrapping, binding, swelling, expanding and stretching 2. How does the work attempt to express the personal views of the Artist? The artwork automatically portrays that the artist likes to play around with her artworks, and doesn't make them in an ordinary manner. It shows us the abstract and unusual side to art. What new media is being used in a new and innovative way? Oliver used a variety of materials, including paper, resin, tissue, fiberglass, hair, copper and aluminum. The ethereal impression and supple curves of her objects belie the inherent qualities of their materials and the intensive process of their production. Artworks: 1 . Does this artwork create a connection with ideas or themes between the artist and the audience? It certainly creates a connection, perhaps a mythical one. The audience is left with questions, they're left wanting more. This is what abstract art is. 2.What re the ideas being conveyed by this artwork? Oliver's sculpture suggests a passage from one place to another, a Journey from a material dimension into an imaginative, other world. 3. How are the artworks shaped by the contemporary technology? Contemporary technology for example would be phones and computers etc. These new forms of technology have definitely shaped contemporary art. If I wanted to see Bronzy Oliver's artworks, I'd simply go on Google images and I could see them all, without having to go see it in person. Everything can be viewed over this new contemporary technology.World: 1 . How have contemporary or historical events influenced the approach the artist has taken towards the work? The materials which are used in the artwork are materials which haven't been used, towards the end of the 20th century, many new art forms came about such as; Environmental art, abstract art, street art etc. 2. How are beliefs and understood concepts being supported by the artwork or questioned by the artwork? The concept that Bronzy Oliver uses is quite an understood one, she makes sculptures out of known materials, which are also popular amongst other artists. . How have new advances in technology, scientific discoveries or medical procedures influenced the artwork? Well unicorns obviously aren't around today. Many question whether they ever were here? She is giving us the chance to view the unicorn in a completely different form, perhaps her interpretation of a unicorn. 4. How does the artwork express the new mood in society or the world? It raises the question of â€Å"are unicorns real† Bronzy Oliver I believe, liked unicorns and Just wanted us to view it in her way.Audience: 1 . How could the audience be alarmed or disturbed by the artwork? Perhaps the efferent interpretation of a unicorn could be quite distur bing or even scary. Or the abstract manner the artwork is made in. But I don't believe this artwork is alarming or disturbing. 2. What views do you think critics have formed with the work? Critics may be amazed with the way she has made her artwork, the materials which she has incorporated and her interpretation off unicorn. 3. How do you think historians may view this work?Because her artwork is about a â€Å"passage from one place to another, a journey from a material dimension into an imaginative, other world† historians might IEEE this meaning as much modernized. A view which could only have come from the late 20th century when there was an artistic revolution. 4. How do you think the general public responds to the work? I'd believe that they be amazed by the artwork. The time and effort it took to make this modernized unicorn. I also believe they be amazed with the meaning behind it, a truly amazing artwork.Question: Referring to this ‘case study Artist, name one o r two frames which best describe the viewpoint of the artist. Describe why you believe this (or these) Frames best describes sews the artist has to create the works. Give Examples of three works in your explanation. Unicorn 1984 – Bronzy Oliver's sculpture can best be described with the structural frame. It is of organic forms which twist and turn to convey a quiet energy. The delicate friction between surface and depth breathes life into her objects: dense surfaces with translucent and vital interiors of air and light.Her objects are often sphere-like with hollow spaces or openings – openings which lead to somewhere else, devolving from where they started. In the exchange between these aspects, Oliver's sculpture suggests a passage from one place to another, a Journey from a material dimension into an imaginative, other world. Oliver used a variety of materials, including paper, resin, tissue, fiberglass, hair, copper and aluminum. The ethereal impression and supple c urves of her objects belie the inherent qualities of their materials and the intensive process of their production.As a result copper appears lithe, its resiliency creatively subverted. Comet II 1988 – This artwork is best described with the subjective and cultural frame. The intricately woven copper form of ‘Comet II' represents a seminal shift in Bronzy Oliver's early practice. Exhibited in the artist's self-titled show at Rosily Cooley Gallery in 1988, this work is one of the earliest instances of Oliver's craftsmanship with copper, having previously sculpted with materials such as paper, cane and fiberglass.The work is a stunning example of what would become the artist's signature practice; the painstaking manipulation of copper into elegant, deceptively simple forms which echo the organic shapes of plant and sea life. While this sculpture undoubtedly evokes the idiosyncratic structure of a Jellyfish, the title of the ark sends our imaginings in a dual direction: no t only to the depths of the ocean, but also to the outer reaches of the universe. In titling the work ‘Comet II' the artist complicates the way that we initially see the artwork, pulling into focus the fabulous ambiguity and infinite possibilities of Oliver's forms.Dirigible 1989 – This artwork is best described using the structural frame. The easy, voluptuous curves of the work disguises the painstaking nature of the artist's process; twisting and welding the pliant copper wire to create the intricate metal weave. The microcosmic, complex surface of the work is an interface between the elegant form of the sculpture's overall shape and the internal cavity or void where the sculpture breathes. It is at once fragile and forbidding; crafted from metal and yet seemingly weightless.Bronzy Oliver alludes to these intriguing tensions in the title of the work ‘Dirigible' – a term for a blimp, or airship supported by its own buoyancy. The three dimensional presence of this work is so demanding that even the shadow that it produces is outstanding. Practice: 1 . Name the work and the artist. Describe the steps you believe the artist has taken to create their work. Comet II 1988, by Bronzy Oliver. This is an artwork which has been made from intricately woven copper in the form of a comet II.An artwork like this would have taken great effort, to weave copper. The steps I believe which were taken would be, the idea of making something. She first would have had to come up with something, then she'd have to decide what materials she was going to use, which in this case was copper. And then the technique she'd use to make it which in this case was also weaving. 2. List the media the artist has used and discuss how this is important to the overall effect. The media Bronzy Oliver has used is copper, and the technique she chose was weaving.Perhaps to show the intricacy of the artwork. Or to purely show what she could do. This adds sophistication to the a rtwork and the overall effect. 3. Describe the process the artist has used? The steps I believe Bronzy Oliver would have taken would be, firstly an idea of what to make. She would have had to come up with something, then she'd have to decide what materials she was going to use, which in this case was copper. And then the technique she'd use to make it which in this case was also weaving. 4. Name the new technologies used by this artist.Use examples of artworks to help describe this. Her artworks were generally crafted from patented copper and bronze. Their fragile appearance, which transcends the robust and industrial character of their material, belies a strength that is often based on successful geometry found in nature such as tubes, spirals and membranes, this is shown in the artwork â€Å"unicorn†, and also in â€Å"comet II†. Essay: â€Å"Explain how Bronzy Oliver maintains a strong personal relationship with her artworks. You must refer to specific works in you r essay' Use three works.Bronzy Oliver definitely maintains a strong personal relationship with her artworks, this is portrayed with the meaning of each artwork. Every artwork that she makes displays her own views, and each one was made for a reason. The three works which display her strong personal relationship are; Survivor 1988, Lunar 2001 and Swathe 1997. Bronzy Oliver's artwork Survivor 1988, is an example of how strong a relationship she withheld with her artworks. Oliver's mysterious copper sculpture is like a relic covered from an archaeological dig.The year this work was produced the artist held a solo exhibition at Rosily Cooley Gallery titled ‘Objects From Another Time', and it is clear from the title ‘Survivor' that Oliver also intended this sculpture to invoke a mythical history. By transforming the surface of the copper with a blue and green patina, the artist creates the illusion of the ancient past, reminiscent of a Bronze Age relic. In 1988 Oliver was ar tist-in-residence in the French city of Brest where she researched the metal work techniques of the Cells.It was their traditions that turned ere onto the creation of spiral structures in her work, which is evident in the conch- like form of ‘Survivor'. Oliver's strong personal relationship is also portrayed through the artwork Lunar 2001 , where she has once again twisted and turned the copper into a circular shape, with many complex designs on the outside. Amanda Rowel explains â€Å"The microcosmic, complex surface of an Oliver sculpture is an interface between the macro form of its overall shape and the internal cavity or void where the sculpture breathes.The ease of connection between these three formal aspects of her works long with their gently mimetic character – as alluded by their titles – constitute their elegance and simple pleasure. † This portrays that Bronzy Oliver looks to her artworks almost as living things, her connection goes far beyond that of artist and artwork. The third artwork which resembles that strong connection between artist and artwork is Swathe 1997. She wanted her own works to spark the imagination of viewers in the same way as poetry, simultaneously distilling an essence whilst opening doors to multiple interpretations.The artwork Swathe sparked the imagination of viewers through its intricate webbing and meshing which required extraordinary technical virtuosity involving the manipulation of materials such as copper wire, bronze and aluminum, in this case Just woven copper. Rather than mimicking or abstracting nature, her works suggest a profound interest in the timeless forms of geometry occurring in the natural world. Some may argue whether she's an environmental artist, with a passion for nature. In conclusion, with reference to the three artworks. An obvious relationship is portrayed, this is shown through the complex meanings of each artwork, and the

The Novel Interactive Technology Education Essay

The participant merely has to do usage of the markers to reply inquiries and acquire responses. When the participant gets the correct answer a response will be heard establishing on the sound of the carnal chosen during the quiz. It is of import to advert that the game has assorted focal points like degrees of trouble, merriment, educational dimension and interactivity. These assorted countries have been considered in the full gambling environment. The game challenges the user by proving his or her ability to reply inquiries on clip and besides right. It ‘s the dream and the endeavoring factor of every parent to supply the best environment for their childs. By supplying a executable and a good environment, kids will turn up to be educated, intelligent and responsible grownups. What you truly necessitate to recognize is that, the things that you teach to your childs at a immature age will hold a great impact on them. It will particularly hold great impact on their acquisition ab ilities for the remainder of their lives. ( Mr. Mark Bennett )EXPLAIN HOW ITS INNOVATIVETeaching spelling to childs is non really one ‘s cup of tea. Spelling has ever been a weak point in non merely childs, but besides with grownups larning and utilizing English. Alternatively of merely giving commands you can assist them bask larning spelling with the aid of some childs spelling games. Spelling games hopefully help actuate them to larn spelling. While playing these games it is a good thought to stress how of import it is to get the hang the right spelling of words. In fact, the spelling games that involve physical activities are even better as childs ever love a combination of physical effort with mental effort. Even games that encourage geographic expedition and â€Å" significance devising † are a hit with childs. ( Aarti Thomas ) . Childs spelling games http: //www.how-to-teach-english-in-japan.com/kids-spelling-games.html [ accessed 18-01-2013 ]Second phasesThe 2nd phases consist of mystifiers mystifiers is an first-class manner to excite a kid ‘s encephalon and will besides assist to develop the most of import accomplishment for their hereafter. Besides that they are a batch of merriment and enjoyment to play excessively. The best thing about mystifiers is that they help in hand-eye coordination. Having proper hand-eye coordination is really much of import for childs. If they are developed at a immature age, it will truly be utile for them.A Whether it ‘s jigsaw mystifiers, word hunts, or animate being mystifiers, labyrinths, most childs love mystifiers and can pass hours work outing them and deciding them! Small do they know they are developing their encephalons to job work out a accomplishment they will profit from for the remainder of their lives. For all these grounds, childs who are good at m ystifiers will happen their ability to garner information, measure a state of affairs, and happen a speedy solution to a job greatly sharpened. This will pay fantastic dividends in their academic, and subsequently, professional calling. It should be noted that many of the mystifiers found in our games are disputing and necessitate repeated efforts in order to work out. Furthermore, some mystifiers are ‘practice makes perfect ‘ mystifiers. Ones where you see how to finish the mystifier really rapidly, but must pattern and maestro the appropriate techniques in order to successfully use them. Large Fish Game hypertext transfer protocol: //www.bigfishgames.com/blog/why-puzzles-are-good-for-kids/ [ accessed 18-01-2013 ]FunEnjoyment and merriment as portion of the acquisition procedure are of import when larning new tools for the scholar is relaxed and motivated and hence more willing to larn. The function that fun topographic point with respect to intrinsic motive in instruction is two times. First, intrinsic motive promotes the desire for return of the experience. Second, merriment can actuate scholars to prosecute themselves in activities with which they have small or no old experience. In simple footings a encephalon basking itself is working more expeditiously. When we enjoy larning, we learn better. Fun has besides been shown by Datillo & A ; Kleiber, 1993 ; Hastie, 1994 ; Middleton, Littlefield & A ; Lehrer, 1992, to increase motive for scholars. Marc Prensky. ( 2001 ) From Digital Game-Based Learning, McGraw-Hill.MULTIPLAYERAA multiplayer gameA is aA gameA which is played by severalA players.A The participants might be independent oppositions, formed intoA teamsA or be merely a individual squad pitted against the game. Games with many independent participants are hard to analyse officially in aA game-theoretical manner as the participants may formA alliances. ( John Nash ) A proved that games with several participants have a stable solution provided that hits between participants are non allowed. He won theA Nobel prizeA forA economicsA for this of import consequence which extendedA von Neumann ‘s theoryA ofA zero-sumA games. Such a stable scheme is called aA Nash equilibrium. Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. 2008. Designed or affecting ore than two ( esp. Many ) participants or participants. K. G. Binmore ( 1994 ) Game Theory and the Social Contract. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-02444-6. Laszlo Mero, Anna C.Gosi-Greguss, David Kramer ( 1998 ) . Moral computations game theory, logic, and human infirmity. New York: Copernicus. ISBN ) 0- 387-98419-4HOW YOU INTERGRATED THE DUCATIONAL ASPECTSOver the old ages, the survey of animate beings has played an of import portion in understanding what nature is all about. Adults move to different states merely to see these animate beings and kids ask their parents for pets which become their friends and they follow up the lives of these pets like the sound they make, nutrient they eat and besides their behaviour these animate beings which makes this subject in scientific discipline really interesting and merriment, with its demand to analyze and analyse animate beings as portion of nature is disputing because as person thinks they have seen all the animate beings in the universe new animate beings are discovered. We discovered that making an carnal game will assist the childs learn assorted things about animate beings in a really i nteresting manner. By making simple quiz games, the kids become comfy replying quiz inquiries and less likely to be afraid of them. The kid is encouraged to make something that each kid loves to make, that is, drama and win. Finally it helps a kid become relaxed with finishing challenges, particularly when jobs are incorporated into a game and besides assist the kids to better their acquisition accomplishments during leisure clip. A great manner to construct the foundation skills that today ‘s simple school course of study requires. These larning games and vocals are fun. These larning games teach of import accomplishments for preschool and simple school childs. Children will themselves work to develop their focal point and accomplishments with these larning games. Want educational games that help construct accomplishments? You ‘ve come to the right topographic point Learning game for kids.com hypertext transfer protocol: //www.learninggamesforkids.com/word_games/spelling-games/word-scramble.html [ accessed 16-01-2013 ]Benefits of utilizing spelling games and mystifiersFirst and first, spelling games form a welcome interruption for the childs and for you as a instructor! From the usual modus operandi of larning. Everyone needs a interruption sometimes and though the games are fun, there is still a batch of larning involved. Indeed research has shown that our encephalons respond to pleasure. So reenforce the antecedently taught phonics and spelling with some games. Spelling games serve a double intent. They non merely assist a kid better their spelling accomplishments, but besides help pupils interact and construct coherence in the schoolroom every bit long as you keep the ambiance visible radiation. As the instructor, you have much influence over this. As mystifiers are frequently the lodging points in games, they are particularly mature for engendering conversation albeit on the web. Many of us have been forced to make out to other gamers to acquire tips, intimations, and fast ones for work outing mystifiers. Puzzles are a great manner for childs to get down larning the scientific method ( observe, speculate, trial, conclude ) . By taking the clip to detect ( what is this mystifier? ) , speculate ( how am I traveling to work out this mystifier? ) .HOW ITS FITS THE CURRICULUM OF THE AGE 5-6Merely as kids reach physical mileposts in the procedure of larning to walk, there are several of import spelling mileposts that a 5-6 twelvemonth old kid will go through through on the journey to going a successful speller. All kids develop otherwise. For some kids these mileposts will be reached easy as accomplishments develop of course, while other kids will necessitate expressed instruction. However these are the common mileposts you will detect your kid achieve. Parents can back up their childs larning to spell and compose in school by disbursement clip with them at place, reading and playing word games. Word games can assist early authors merely larning how to spell, every bit good as more advanced authors to increase their vocabularies. I ‘ve picked out a few word games that help childs with spelling words and tried them out.

H&M Apparel Chains

Apart from Spain’s Zara, the Swedish retailer Hennes & Mauritz (H&M) differentiates itself from most apparel chains for its idiom â€Å"treat fashion as if it were perishable produce. † In Europe, H&M is considered to be an industry leader because it offers the â€Å"on-trend† look at an extremely lower price. In 2000, it decided to begin to establish a predatory marketing strategy of expansion within the US. The strengths of H&M are that it is a well-known company worldwide; it responds quickly to trends, particularly in its similarities to haute couture and the catwalk within a turnaround cycle speed of 3 weeks; and it is recognized for its incredibly low prices on trendy, seasonal apparel. The weaknesses of H&M are that it is relatively unknown in the States; it has yet to distinguish and set itself apart from inexpensive American apparel chains; and its goods are not high-quality. Primary Problem: Flawed Marketing Research The absence of a definitive marketing strategy is of primary concern. With benefit of hindsight, some deficiencies in H&M’s research design merited attention. It was geared towards the simple idea of expansion rather than establishing genuine market presence. Because it tried to expand too quickly, it imprudently purchased outlets too big and in poor locations, instead of building up its presence more slowly and carefully. H&M believed no competition could ever be more on-trend and more fashionable than they. However, H&M showed the fallacy of attempting growth beyond immediate capabilities in a growth-at-any-cost mindset. The rationale for embracing great growth is that it needed to run with the ball if it were to ever get that rare opportunity to suddenly double or triple sales. But there are times when a slower, more controlled growth is prudent. Secondary Problem: External Factors Apparently, it did not learn from Benetton’s past mistakes. For example, it too had tried to establish a strong presence in the US and had failed. Similarly, The Gap, a US company, also tried to further expand but choked because of the numerous retailers with their offshore resources being able to knock off current fashions much more quickly and competing favorably. Discount stores, such as Wal-Mart and Target, have big boxes in the suburbs also with offshore facilities enabling them to offer current fashion at low prices. This means that even if H&M is first to introduce the fashions, within weeks the competition could offer similar merchandise. In addition to obvious competitors, H&M did not underscore or create enough attention to its prospective customers of its distinguishing characteristics. Certainly, it recognized the importance of the dyadic relationship by hiring salespeople with similar characteristics to their customers. But it still was not effective in communicating its formula. Recommended Solutions 1. Instead of just wholly owned subsidiaries, H&M could enter into a joint venture with an American department store to at least build some presence and recognition. Licensing is a fairly low-risk method for entering into a joint venture. An example of this sort of arrangement would be what Guess has with Macy’s stores. Although H&M may have given up most of the profits, this would be a prudent manner in expanding its recognition throughout the US. H&M should still own and operate facilities in the US where it is more urban and less surrounded by discount stores. . The symbolic value of H&M needs to be underscored either through an advertisement campaign or celebrity endorsements. Although celebrities demand big bucks, the endorsements are worth the price if done in moderation and with the best of the best. Obviously, H&M recognized this in 2007 when it contracted with Madonna to do commercials and magazine advertisements. Of course, the effectiveness of these methods is difficult to measure but as long as the communication is remembered, recognized, or recalled, this will instill further presence in H&M’s goal of expansion.

Hesi Topics

Potential Community Health HESI Topic Areas These are some additional areas you may want to considering being familiar with: Ancathosis nigricans A skin condition characterized by dark, thick, velvety skin in body folds and creases. Most often, acanthosis nigricans affects your armpits, groin and neck. There's no specific treatment for acanthosis nigricans † but treating any underlying conditions, such as diabetes and obesity, may cause the changes in your skin changes to fade Characteristics of acanthosis nigricans include: Skin changes. Skin changes are the only signs of acanthosis nigricans.You'll notice dark, thick, velvety skin in body folds and creases † typically in your armpits, groin and neck. Sometimes the lips, palms or soles of the feet are affected as well. Slow progression. The skin changes appear slowly, sometimes over months or years. Possible itching. Rarely, the affected areas may itch. Acanthosis nigricans is often associated with conditions that increa se your insulin level, such as type 2 diabetes or being overweight. If your insulin level is too high, the extra insulin may trigger activity in your skin cells. This may cause the characteristic skin changes.Question pertained to nurse checking for lice and noticing dark patch of skin on neck. Advisor role Antepartum – risk factors Anthrax incubation and exposure Assess trends and patterns Assessing income Assessment – validation Assignments – home care; Make sure students know how to prioritize home health clients (i. e. which ones to see/call back first. ) When given the choice between a patient with COPD who is short of breath, a terminally ill pt who refuses to eat or drink, or a pt with congestive heart failure who has gained 3 lbs, choose the last one.Asthma triage Battering-communication If the question pertains to a nurse suspecting a female patient has been abused and the woman has her child in the room with her, the nurse should ask the child to leave the room and question the woman about the abuse. The question does not pe rtain to the child being abused. Breast cancer-risk (who is at greatest risk) Calculate rate – population COBRA-cost (client still has to pay for expenses) When the question asks what would be a concern for a person who has lost their Job but has COBRA, the answer is paying for health care/expenses.Communicable disease (pertussis) Community – assessment Community Assessment – TB Community data source Community education – evaluate Community resource – elderly Community resources-population age Community resources – rural Community strategies – mental deficiencies Cultural competence Cultural -lactose intolerant Cultural – Native American (Native Americans are at high risk for diabetes – have the highest rates, so the nurse needs to screen for and educate about this).Culturally sensitive teaching CV disease – African American Diabetes AIC If a nurse is working in a community with high rates of diabetes and implements a program, at the end of 1 year (or whatever evaluation period is stated) the nurse will ant to evaluate hemoglobin A1 C levels to determine effectiveness of program.Disaster – Cholera (Priority for treating those with cholera: fluid and electrolytes) Disaster- Professional Disaster – red tag triage Disaster planning Disaster Preparedness – START Disaster triage – color system Elder abuse-Home setting Elder health – assessment Employee health Epidemiological triad host Epidemiological triad agent Fall in home Family assistance – ophthalmic meds Family ecomap Flu vaccine-priority Gatekeeper Genetic risk – assessment Geriatrics – home nutrition Geriatric syndrome – home health GTD-hCG valuesHealth Promotion Program – Planning Heart healthy diet – limit Heat stroke If an adolescent is playing sports at school and goes to the school n urse with red, dry skin and other symptoms of heat stroke, the first thing the nurse should do is call for emergency personnel (not assess). Hepatitis A – risk Main route is through fecal-oral Hep B vaccine – pregnancy Hepatovax B allergy Home care referral Home Health – Management Home health – PT Home safety – post arthroplasty Hypertension-BP measure Immunize – 3rd world country Immunization rates Increase vaccination rates Infant mortality rateInfluenza -prophylactic Relenza Lillian Wald – Henry Street (she established the Henry Street Settlement) Focused on cleanliness, staff was educated, and ventilation Lipid screening Long-term care-infection Long-term car – fall prevention Meals-on-wheels Medicare Menomune vaccine Migrant worker risks Morbidity data – gather Morbidity data-glaucoma If a nurse is working with an elderly population and most of them are choosing to get a surgery that will CURE glaucoma, then the nu rse will be concerned with assessing prevalence of glaucoma (not morbidity). Needs assessment Neighborhood safe housesNeuman model – line of defense Obese children-parent involvement Occupational health – smoking Occupational nurse practitioner role Oral contraceptives – smokers Osteoporosis – prevention Outcome evaluation Polypharmacy – GERI Post vaccination teaching Primary prevention – adolescents Primary prevention – WIC Priority – HF lab results Program goal setting Quality Care – nursing home Quality Care – public clinic management Quality health – bicycle safety Rash with fever – PEDI (chicken pox) Ritalin evaluation – adolescent Assessing intervention with ADHD in an adolescent: get their feedback on mprovement, as their self-esteem is priority School age screen (obesity) School nurse role If an adolescent comes to a school nurse and tells her she is pregnant, the nurse will want to im plement measures to ensure the teen and her baby are healthy. These things include referral to prenatal care, encouraging prenatal vitamins, etc. The nurse will NOT tell the parents and things like arranging childcare or teaching breastfeeding are not something the school nurse will be involved in. screening – DM – PEDI Screening priority Question regarding hypothyroidism and the nurse recognizes that mental ysfunction is a long-term consequence. What is screening priority? Answers included screening for T3 in preschoolers or children (? ), iodine screening in people over 60, TSH in women over 45, and T4 in newborns. The answer is T4 in newborns.Seat belt safety-adolescents Secondary prevention – tobacco Secondary prevention – children Sensitivity of tests Social organization Stakeholder If a community health nurse is going into a community to try to develop or implement an intervention, remember one of the key things he/she must do is form a relationship with someone who would be identified as the stakeholder. Stakeholders will be someone who is invested in the health of the community and will be invested in the program to be implemented. They will be vital in the nurse gaining access into the community, the success of the program, and ensuring the sustainability of the program. STD-Reporting If an adolescent goes to the health dept and is diagnosed with chlamydia, the nurse must report this. It is a reportable disease that is monitored by the state and the CDC, and the disease intervention specialist must be informed to do contact tracing.

Breezy case

This case analysis explores the possibility of Breezy, a leading supplier of carburators and air filters in North America, the possibility of developing offshore busines in countries where car manufacturing is growing. The report is structured as follows: First, there are five important questions that Breezy must consider and ask itself before developing a relationship with a new customer. After Breezy decides to go offshore, it will have to go through the negotiating process, which involves five steps. Breezy then, must have capabilities of how an offshore business is organized, consider the many different costs and risks involved in the implementation and decide how it will finance the project. The report also talks about how Breezy will have to modify its corporate strategy. Finally, the report concludes with the best reccomendation for Breezy to maintain its competitive advantage. 1. In exploring the possibility of developing a relationship with offshore car manufacturers, what questions should Breezy be asking? a) Who are the suppliers of carburators and air filters that Breezy will be competing against? This is an important question when conducting an external analysis of the players in the Industry because Breezy will be able to design a strategy that will make their products different from competitors. b) What are the car manufacturers human, financial, physical and organizational resources and capabilities? Breezy should be asking and investigating the firms that it plans on partnering abroad because they would not want to d business with car manufacturers that are not financially stable or have a bad organizational culture. c) How is the business done in the country (Brazil or India)? Breezy must consider the different business styles deriving from different countries in order to succeed in the global market. d) Does the car manufacturer have a good credit? Breezy must make sure its customers can pay for the products in order to avoid having to write off uncollectible accounts. e) Will Breezy be able to gain competitive advantage over local suppliers? Breezy could choose between cost leadership strategy or product differentiation strategy. 2. How should it approach the issue of negotiating with them? The negotiation process involves 5 steps: 1. Define objectives for the partnership: Breezy should have benchmarks in which to compare their objectives with the manufacturers objectives. These will define whether they can meet common grounds when doing business together. Examples of benchmarks include nature of agreement, duration of alliance, expectations, key aspects to protect, etc 2. Assemble a negotiating team: Breezy will have a team that represents all areas of the company affected by this relationship. In addition, the team will be composed of a chief negotiator, an experienced interpreter, and senior management personnel and personnel with knowledge of technical, operational, and legal details. The roles of the team will be to choose a negotiating technique and conduct due dilligence on the parties involved, understand the business and social customs of the country. 3. Establish trust: Breezys negotiating team should first build rapport with the manufacturers before presenting their proposals. 4. Establish the business framework: After rapport has been established, the team should be able to draw an agreement where all parties reach consensus, then outline the alliance in general terms, define objectives, consider how internal politics will affect the deal and define respective contributions of both sides. This should be done in a Letter of Intent. 5. Establish a legal framework: This will allow establishment of structure, definition of rights and obligations and scope of cooperation. (FITT, 6th ed). In the end, set the negotiations with a Memorandum of Understanding. 3. How should any offshore operation be organized? What are the key location considerations? Every offshore operation should have the right people. For example, a senior manager should be in charge of managing all operations with personnel with knowledge of global operations reporting to him. Therefore, there must be clearly designed roles for each person involved. Any offshore operation will be defined by the financial commitment that each party will contribute and the risks and rewards that comes from it. An foreign subsiadiary could be set up in the country they plan to enter in order to have face to face contact with potential and new customers. Regarding the global supply chain, companies will have to create a distribution strategy and implement it. Also, companies should select an intermediary involved to facilitate the shipping of cargo, aid with documentation and customs brokerage. Regarding location, companies going offshore must use the Porters Five Forces model. A location where the threat of buyers, threat of new entrants, threat of rivalry, threat of substitutes and threat of suppliers are all low would be an ideal place to do business and exploit opportunities. The choice of country will be based on the efficiencies or competitive advantages it can gain from being located in that country. These include proximity to market, cheaper labour costs, production efficiencies, etc (FITT, 6th ed). In addition, if the country has trade or economic sanctions, is politically instable, has high tax rates, inadequate transportation systems and undeveloped banking systems, firms should consider going into other markets. 4. What costs are likely to be incurred in this venture? Transportation costs including cargo insurance and freight Labour costs Maintenance charges Taxes and International carges Loading and unloading fees Freigh forwarders, customs brokers fees Export fees Documentation fees such as obtaining licenses and permits Marketing and advertising costs 5. How could this initiative be financed? There are many different ways to finance the offshore venture and implement the plan. Breezy can get a loan from financial institutions, sell shares if it is a private corporation or sell shares on the exchange market if it is a public company. Another source of fund is acquiring a loan from venture capitalists or government agencies such as Business Development Corporation (BDC). 6. What business should Breezy be in? How should it revise its corporate vision? Considering that the North American industry is already saturated with limited scope foor expanding sales and profits have been significantly declining for Breezy, it is certain that the companys industry is in its mature phase of development. It is time for Breezy to take advantage of its competitive advantage by exploring new markets. Breezy should be in the business of producing carburators and air filters for the future popular car in India, in addition to the North American market, however due to the changing trends in the auto industry, where fuel efficiency is going under way, Breezy will have to adapt to the new trends in order to maintain its competitive advantage. Breezy should also keep an eye on countries where car manufacturing is growing. So far, the companys best strategy if it was to go into India or Brazil is to refine its current products , emphasize on increasing the quality of service with new customers, and focus on reducing manufacturing costs and increased quality through process innovations. The original corporate vision of becoming North America’s leading supplier of carburetors and air filters should be revised to becoming the leading supplier of fuel efficient carburators and air filters by expanding Breezys market share to potential markets. 7. What risks does the offshore venture face that the domestic company does not? Theft/ Damage of shipments in transit: If Breezy was to ship their products by sea, there is a risk of pirates or improper handling of containers, improper storage or conditions of the cargo. Missing documentation for customs clearance in the sea ports. Degree of expertise in international business documentation, transportation, payment, etc. Breezy has to find suitable intermediaries such as a freight forwarders to assist with the offshore venture. Culture differences: Breezy needs to adapt to the culture in which it is doing business in. Differences include language, geographic distance, cultural issues. Inadequate infraestructure such as roads, warehouses. If Breezy is going to do business in a thirld world country, it must consider whether it is possible to transport and store their products and maintain its condition and know if they have to spend extra for proper transportation and storage. Environmental considerations: Breezy needs to consider whether it has to alter the design and packaging to withstand the effects of climate. Cost escalation, higher costs: Breezy will have to be able to afford the higher costs that comes with doing business offshore and still be able to outscale competitors. Risk of having contractual disputes with new customers. Conclusion Overall, Breezy was faced with two alternatives. One was to stay in the North American market and extend its product offering and continue working with existing customers even though there was not much potential to exploit opportunities for increasing profitability. The other option is to expand its market share by going into new markets and developing new customer relationships. I believe the latter alternative is the best course of action for Breezy as it will be able to acquire new customers while taking advantage of its reputation and competitive advantage. Breezy will benefit from increased sales and will be able to stay in business.