Facts About Frass (Bug Poop)

Insects do poop, but we call their poop frass. Some insect frass is liquid, while other insects form their frass into pellets. In any case, the insect is eliminating waste from its body through its anus, which meets the definition of poop, for sure. Some insects dont let their waste go to waste. The insect world is filled with examples of bugs that use their frass for food, for self-defense, or even for construction material. Insects That Put Their Poop to Good Use Termites arent born with the gut microbes needed to digest wood, so they first feed on feces from adults, often right from their anuses. Along with the frass, the young ingest some microbes, which then set up shop in their guts. This practice, called anal trophallaxis, is also practiced by some ants. Bess beetles, which also feed on wood, dont have larval jaws strong enough to handle the tough fiber. They feed on the protein-rich poop of their adult caretakers instead. Bess beetles also use poop to construct protective pupal cases. The larvae cant do the work on their own, though. Adults help them form the feces into a case around them. Three-lined potato beetles use their poop as an unusual defense against predators. When feeding on nightshade plants, the beetles ingest alkaloids, which are toxic to animal predators. The toxins get excreted in their frass. As the beetles poop, they contract muscles to direct the flow of feces onto their backs. Soon, the beetles are piled high with poop, an effective chemical shield against predators. How Social Insects Keep the Poop From Piling Up Social insects  need to keep a sanitary household, and  they employ clever housekeeping strategies to remove or contain all that frass. Frass cleanup is usually a job for adult insects. Adult  cockroaches  gather up all the poop and carry it out of the nest. Some wood-boring beetle adults pack frass into older, unused tunnels. In some leafcutter ant colonies, specific ants get the poop removal job and spend their entire lives carting off their familys frass. Being the designated pooper scooper is a thankless job, and relegates these individuals to the bottom of the social ladder. Social bees can hold their poop in for weeks or months at a time.  Bee larvae  have a blind gut, separate from the alimentary canal. The poop simply accumulates in the blind gut through their development. When they become adults, the young bees expel all the accumulated waste in one giant fecal pellet, called the meconium.  Honey bees  ceremoniously drop their mighty larval turds on their first flights from the nest. Termite  guts contain specialized bacteria that sanitize their feces. Their poop is so clean they can use it as construction material when building their nests. Eastern tent caterpillars  live together in silken tents, which quickly fill with frass. They expand their tents as they grow and the poop accumulates, to keep some distance between them and their frass. Insect Poop in the Ecosystem Frass makes the world go round, in some important ways. Insects take the worlds waste, digest it, and poop out something useful. Scientists discovered a link between the rainforest canopy and the forest floor. It was insect poop. Millions of insects inhabit the treetops, munching away on leaves and other plant parts. All those insects also poop, covering the ground below with their frass. Microbes go to work decomposing the frass, releasing nutrients back into the soil. Trees and other plants need the nutrient-rich soil to thrive. Some insects, like  termites  and  dung beetles, serve as primary decomposers in their ecosystems. Termite digestive systems are chock full of microbes capable of breaking down stubborn cellulose and lignin from wood. Termites and other wood-eating insects do the hard part, then pass the significantly decomposed plant bits on to secondary decomposers through their frass. An enormous percentage of forest biomass passes through insect guts, on its way to becoming  new soil. And how about rotting carcasses and animal dung? Insects help break down all the nasty bits in the environment and turn them into something much less objectionable, frass. Most insect poop isnt large enough to contain whole seeds, but poop from big grasshoppers called wetas is an exception to that rule. Scientists found the wetas, which live in New Zealand, can poop viable fruit seeds. The seeds found in weta frass germinate better than seeds which simply fall to the ground. Since the wetas move, they carry the fruit seeds to new locations, helping trees spread throughout the ecosystem.

Online Learning Online Learners And Evaluating Their...

Introduction: Online learning, as a newly emerged platform to access to higher education, has become prevalent in China in the past years. Some scholars think highly of this form of education and believe that it will finally lead to a revolution of education. However, due to its short history of development, online learning platforms are not as mature as traditional universities and its learning outcomes are hard to be measured and examined. Those platforms are like a hotchpotch which consists of a variety of courses from educational institutions from all over the world. For online learners, they have to learn in a different way than they learned in universities because online courses are managed in different ways, and for Chinese learners, they may also have to overcome the language problem and culture issues, because the idea of online learning was introduced from western world and many online courses are instructed in English. This Research focuses on the factors that are related to the success of Chinese online learners and evaluating their learning characteristics from the perspective of the adult learning theory. By doing an online survey, the researcher collected 100 valid samples, for each one 20 variables are included. Through statistical analysis, the researcher reveals that some learning characteristics are significantly related to a better learning outcome. The result may be helpful for Chinese online learner to improve their manners of learning therebyShow MoreRelatedAttrition Rate of Online Learning12302 Words   |  50 PagesWHAT INFLUENCES ONLINE CLASSES HIGH ATTRITION RATE by Lora Hines Bachelor of Science in Business Education December 1984 College of Education A Research Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Science in Education Degree Department of Workforce Education and Development In the Graduate School Southern Illinois University – Carbondale December 1, 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page Read MoreTraining Program For An Organization s Performance3032 Words   |  13 Pagesthe value and people potential is to be exploited. Training is a method that involves the achievement of information, improving of skills, theories, or altering of actions and approaches to advance the functioning of employees Fitzgerald (2002). 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Metacognition refers to higher order thinking which involves active control over the cognitive processes engaged in learning. Activities such as planning how to approach a given learning task, monitoring comprehension, and evaluating progress toward the completion of a task are metacognitive in nature

The Giving Pledge Free Essays

A – The Giving Pledge 1) The giving pledge is a growing trend among rich families and individuals in America. It includes that the rich people, who want to join the trend have to donate at least half of their wealth to charity. The people who make the pledge, have all that in common, that even though they give away half of their fortune, they still have more money than they can spend in a lifetime. We will write a custom essay sample on The Giving Pledge or any similar topic only for you Order Now In text two â€Å"My Philanthropic Pledge† Warren Buffet writes subjectively about the trend, and the reasons why he has make the pledge. He advocates the pledge, and encourages other wealthy people to do the same. One major argue he uses is that even though the supporters have to give away half of the fortune, it doesn’t necessarily means they have to change their lifestyle, but they can change thousands of people’s lifestyles for the better. It can mean life or dead for the poor and suffering, while it means little or big yacht for the rich. All in all, the attitude is very positive about the pledge, and as I wrote before, does Buffet advocate the trend with examples from his own life. He is the founder of â€Å"The Giving Pledge† and has self agreed to donate 99% of his fortune to charity. The attitude and tone is very different in text tree â€Å"The rich want a better world? Try paying fair wages and tax† written by Peter Wilby. Just by reading the headline you can sense the aggressive tone, and know how Peter Wilby sees the trend. He stands as an opponent to the pledge. One of his points is that â€Å"the poor is written out of their own story† – he thinks that the poor have no influence on what the money the wealthy ones have donated is used on, and what the money really should go to, to help them as much as possible. Another main argue he uses is, that to make permanent change in developing countries, the initiative and alteration has to come from the inside – in other words, there has to be a form for revolution, to make the changes permanent. He also accentuates that the charity given by Warren Buffet, Bill Gates and other rich people place them in a very good light. And that would maybe even bring them even more money, because the people who make them rich (their customers) would think good thoughts about wealthy people who give money to charity. Wilby therefore thinks that rich people, who have enough money to make the pledge, should spend their money on paying taxes, stop lobbying against taxation, spend there money on better conditions for their employees and should lay their focus and money on stopping production of products in a way that damages the environment. 2) At first while reading text one â€Å"Band of billionaires pledge to give to charity† written by Jon Swartz, the impression is that the text is very objective. The headline seems objective and informal, and the tone and language the text is written in is very formal. But then, while reading further on, when you think about the intention of the text and the circumstance, some hidden opinions appears. The circumstance is that Gates, Buffet and other billionaires have agreed to give at least 50% of their fortune to charity, and they call on other billionaires to do the same. If the focus thereafter is the intention of the text it is clear that Jon Swartz wants to set the billionaires in a good light. That can be seen by the way he highlights who has given money, how much they gave, why they did it and when they did it. Besides that there is not any counterarguments why you should give money to charity, it is only pictured like a very decent and good thing to do. To increase that intention, Jon Swartz has only quoted people who support and advocates the pledge. 3) Taking my starting points in text two â€Å"My Philanthropic Pledge†, I will state my own opinions to â€Å"the giving pledge†. I can only agree with Warren Buffet that charity is a great thing to do. If I were rich, I would do the same thing. If I could live, and live fantastically, for 1% of my fortune, while ther people around the world were suffering and starving, I would give the remaining 99% of my wealth to charity. Give the money to people who need it much more than I would. I think that is the only right thing to do. I can see the point in the argue Peter Wilby uses, that to make remaining changes, it has to come â€Å"from the inside† of the state. But I don’t think we are to sit and watch people die a nd suffer until that for happens. The money the wealthy people are willing to spend on charity can help a lot of people. Therefore it is a step on the road to a better world, and I think it is very generous and large of them to give away their fortune. One major point where I don’t agree with Wilby is when he mixes taxes into the whole thing. Of cause the rich people must pay taxes, and I do to think they should ensure that their production is not polluting. But I do not think there should be paid taxes of charity money, because the people who really need clean water, vaccines, educations etc. should get as much as possible for the money. How to cite The Giving Pledge, Essay examples

Hemingway 2 free essay sample

Hemingway: # 8220 ; The Short Happy Life Of Francis Macomber # 8221 ; Essay, Research Paper Ernest Hemingway was one of a group of creative persons in the inter-war period of the early 20th century who was left mentally ( and for Hemingway besides physically ) scarred by the entire desolation he witnessed during and after the Great War. Gertrude Stein labeled Hemingway and his equals # 8220 ; a Lost Generation # 8221 ; , a celebrated phrase that merely partly describes the withdrawal, confusion, instability, and distrust that these twenty- and mid-thirtiess felt toward many of the traditional ways of life that had led to the brutal, entire war which had eradicated much of the people of their age group. To get by with the feelings of nonsense and void they had in their lives in the modern universe, these creative persons developed individualized value systems which were reflected and transmitted through their work. Hemingway # 8217 ; s personal value system has been termed # 8220 ; the codification # 8221 ; , and has to make chiefly with battle and growing toward consciousness as a procedure taught via illustration by a coach figure to a pupil figure, the novice. The coach figure is what critics call the code-hero, and his Stoic tuition is normally manifested in some mode of # 8216 ; birth under fire # 8217 ; to the novice, who is frequently merely a shell of a human, a corrupted psyche, and is virtually the # 8216 ; populating dead # 8217 ; . Through the coach # 8217 ; s illustration, the novice can fight toward an consciousness of nothing, the term for the ubiquitous nothingness of modern life, and through facing nada possibly win back his life from moral and emotional bankruptcy. The coach teaches the novice how to get by with nothing. This essay will analyze Hemingway # 8217 ; s codification and how it confronts nada as it is played out in one of his most model tutor-tyro couple, Wilson and Francis in # 8220 ; The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber # 8221 ; . Understanding Hemingway # 8217 ; s common structural figures will assist to light the action in the narrative every bit good as the procedure of Wilson # 8217 ; s tuition and Francis # 8217 ; growing. One construction in # 8220 ; The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber # 8221 ; is that of an interior journey for Francis. As Grebstein suggests, Francis, like other Hemingway novices, moves from artlessness to enduring to awareness. 1 With consciousness, at least in Francis # 8217 ; instance, comes action every bit good. The other chief construction in the narrative is more abstract and theoretical but every bit every bit apparent as the first, viz. that of an arch form associating to topographic point and domains of action. This structural form, which will be analyzed in concurrence with the former construction, is a patterned advance from outside to inside to outside. 2 Francis Macomber begins the narrative with a skewed type of artlessness that is common in Hemingway # 8217 ; s composing. His artlessness is non so much of a deficiency of experience but a deficiency of valuable, dignified, existent experience, go forthing Francis with old ages of memories but none which he can utilize to better his personal character. 3 That is to state that Francis has led a # 8217 ; sheltered life # 8217 ; , one where he has been protected from doing hard determinations by the barriers and buffers of his wealth, his matrimony and his position, which in true Hemingway manner are all represented more or less by one consolidative entity: Francis # 8217 ; married woman Margot. In the narrative, Margot is the personification of the forces of nothing. All the things Francis has cherished and which have ( unbeknownst to him ) made his life so nonmeaningful therefore far, are the same things which Margot and he portion, and farther, are the things which Francis will hold to reject and de-value in order to confront the hurt large game on the Hunt, in order to face fright and nothing. Implicit in that statement is the averment that Francis must reject Margot ( his personal matrimony to nada ) in order to get down to populate, and conversely that by loosening her clasp on him, Francis besides loosens the clasp of void, of nothing, on himself. Of class, Francis does non cognize any of the above early on in the narrative, and even for a piece after the hurt king of beasts incident ; he is still in a province of incognizant artlessness, or na? vet? , and it will take suggestion from the coach character, Wilson, to enable Francis to fight toward a interruption with M argot and more significantly, with nothing. Like Harry in # 8220 ; The Snows of Kilimanjaro # 8221 ; ( who besides comes to a realisation that he must reject the adult female he is with and her universe in order to be existent ) , Francis has lived a life of easiness saturated by intoxicant, surrounded by morally belly-up work forces and particularly adult females, and obsessed with stuff additions over honorable experience. So, for case, when the intelligence of Francis # 8217 ; cowardliness has spread around the cantonment and Wilson has been forced to endanger to flog one of the servant male childs for speaking about Francis, Francis can non understand why the male childs would instead subject to tonss than lose their wage ; Francis merely can non grok that for the male childs the organic structure is expendable while their meager rewards are non. 4 Francis would anticipate either to purchase his manner out of the tonss or to take the pecuniary loss merely because he can afford to # 8212 ; the menace of hurting is exist ent and atrocious for Francis but the loss of mere money does non trouble oneself him in the least because he has so much money he no longer understands its value. Indeed, the campaign Francis is on in the narrative is at first little more than a bought # 8220 ; African escapade # 8221 ; , a stylish act of the twenty-four hours popularized by the mythology environing Theodore Roosevelt # 8217 ; s campaign and the narratives of the great white huntsmans. 5 Francis goes anticipating the campaign, like everything else he has done so far in his being, to be easy. He does non anticipate danger or the personal growing he will undergo, but simply an anecdote to set him one up at the following cocktail party. Thus, back at cantonment after his cowardly dash out of the tall grass off from the hurt king of beasts Francis tries to guarantee that his social image will non be harmed by intelligence of his cowardliness leaking out. He snivels to Wilson, # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; m terribly regretf ul about that king of beasts concern. It doesn # 8217 ; Ts have to travel any farther, does it? I mean, no 1 will hear about it, will they? # 8221 ; 6 It is at this point in the narrative that Wilson loses all regard for Francis: # 8220 ; So he # 8217 ; s a bloody four-letter adult male every bit good as a bloody coward, he thought. I instead liked him until today. # 8221 ; 7 Francis # 8217 ; artlessness, every bit far as the action in the narrative itself, is manifested in his fearful tally from the hurt king of beasts, an event that occurs outside in the kingdom of the white huntsman, Wilson. Following Hemingway # 8217 ; s arch construction, the narrative following moves to an interior location, inside Francis # 8217 ; head, where he struggles to come to footings with his cowardliness, his otiose life, and nada. Having lost the regard of Wilson, whatever if any remained of Margot # 8217 ; s, and everyone else # 8217 ; s in the runing party, Francis enters a hard, gut-wrenching period of self-assessment. This portion of the narrative, in which Francis replays the full hurt king of beasts incident in his caput and begins to cope with the root causes of his cowardliness and nonsense, is the enduring measure of Francis # 8217 ; personal journey. External factors like the fact that Wilson and Margot have sex merely meters off from him on the dark of hi s greatest failure merely serve to light for Francis how utterly devoid of intending his traditional ways have been. Margot shows she does non care at all about Francis ; so, she is nil ( nada ) to him. Alternatively of comforting Francis, she sneaks out of their collapsible shelter to be with Wilson, seting herself and her opportunity for alien glamor foremost and first, because the adult females of the # 8220 ; international, fast, featuring set. . . did non experience they were acquiring their money # 8217 ; s worth unless they had shared the fingerstall with the white hunter. # 8221 ; 8 Wilson maintains a cool withdrawal from the full state of affairs as Francis struggles to better himself through painful self-criticism. The dark with Margot is nil more than a # 8220 ; windfall # 8221 ; to Wilson, and he has no understanding for the annoyed Francis the following forenoon: # 8220 ; Why doesn # 8217 ; t he maintain his married woman where she belongs? What does he believe I am, a bloody plaster saint? Let him maintain her where she belongs. It # 8217 ; s his ain fault. # 8221 ; 9 Wilson has already decided that the remainder of the Macomber campaign will be one where he is # 8220 ; still imbibing their whiskey # 8221 ; , or traveling through the gestures because he has been hired even if there is nil in it of value for him any longer. 10 It is of import to observe that every bit is the instance with most of Hemingway # 8217 ; s coachs, as a professional Wilson has a limited kingdom of understanding. As Rovit argues, a coach character # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; responses will be necessarily equal to the challenge that he is trained to accept. . . The novice must seek to halt himself from believing [ in those same state of affairss if he is to move every bit unfalteringly as the coach ] . # 8221 ; 11 Thus Wilson can offer Francis plentifulness of sound advice on large game hunting ( Wilson # 8217 ; s country of expertness ) , but in other countries his advice is detached and dismissive: # 8220 ; Women upset sums to nil. Strain on the nervousnesss and one thing # 8217 ; n another. # 8221 ; 12 That is to state that Wilson # 8217 ; s tuition will merely straight use to runing, and Francis will hold to use the lessons to the other countries of his life in order for the lessons to hold a marked consequence on the remainde r of his life. Early on on in the campaign Wilson tried to learn Francis the honest manner to run utilizing the African construct of shauri, which best translates to # 8220 ; responsibility # 8221 ; . When Macomber asks why the hurt king of beasts can non merely be left to decease, Wilson replies, # 8220 ; For one thing, he # 8217 ; s certain to be enduring. For another, some one else might run onto him. # 8221 ; 13 Wilson explains that it is the runing party # 8217 ; s shauri to travel into the grass after the hurt king of beasts, for the safety of other worlds and for the wellbeing and self-respect of the animate being. When Macomber bolts from the grass, he non merely shows his cowardliness, he besides neglects his shauri. That said, there are legion incidents where Wilson is baffled by Francis # 8217 ; comparative resoluteness to maintain seeking, and they are important to understanding the implicit in tutor-tyro relationship in the narrative. For case, back at cantonment after Francis has asked Wilson to maintain the king of beasts incident a secret, Francis optimistically says, # 8220 ; Possibly I can repair it up on the American bison. We # 8217 ; rhenium after them following, aren # 8217 ; t we? # 8221 ; 14 At this, Wilson inquiries the evidences for his loss of regard for Macomber and is momently # 8220 ; all for Macomber again. # 8221 ; Yet Wilson can non bury the forenoon and so he returns to disrespect for Francis, though he does softly warn Francis that his married woman is nearing: # 8220 ; Here comes the Memsahib. # 8221 ; 15 This line is used twice in the narrative, in state of affairss where Wilson and Francis are closely discoursing the Hunt and where Wilson feels a adult female # 8217 ; s presence is debatable and unneeded: prior to the king of beasts Hunt when the coach and novice discuss the proper scope to take a king of beasts at 16, and in the wake of Francis # 8217 ; cowardliness as they attempt to piece up their severely stealing relationship. 17 Even though he does non esteem Francis at the latter point, Wilson realizes that it will non assist affairs any if Margot is let in on the relationship # 8217 ; s secret confidances. Therefore, tardily in the afternoon after the king of beasts Hunt, Wilson and Francis go out together without Margot to run a herd of Aepyceros melampus, animate beings that Francis is with good ground less fearful of. This little sequence is another important tutor-tyro minute, as Wilson nurtures the hurt self-importance of Francis. After Francis fells a random-access memory # 8220 ; with a really creditable shooting # 8221 ; Wilson regards Francis # 8217 ; hiting and provinces, # 8220 ; You shoot like that and you # 8217 ; ll have no trouble. # 8221 ; Francis once more displays his willingness to do up for his cowardliness with the king of beasts, inquiring if there will be buffalo the following twenty-four hours and stating, # 8220 ; I # 8217 ; vitamin Ds like to unclutter away that king of beasts business. # 8221 ; 18 Although he still really much resents Macomber # 8217 ; s deficiency of anchor earlier in the twenty-four hours, Wilson offers sort words to his rickety n ovice: # 8220 ; I wouldn # 8217 ; t believe about that any more. Any one could be upset by his first king of beasts. That # 8217 ; s all over. # 8221 ; 19 Neither of the characters to the full believe the sentiment, but Wilson shows some compassion or empathy in make up ones minding to state anything at all. Soon thenceforth through his internal agony Francis arrives at the decision that the lone manner he will repossess his life from nothing is to turn out himself on the Hunt. The forenoon of the American bison Hunt ( the forenoon after the king of beasts incident and Margot # 8217 ; s latest matter ) , Francis finds that, # 8220 ; of all the many work forces that he had hated, he hated Robert Wilson the most. # 8221 ; 20 The # 8220 ; hatred # 8221 ; Francis feels toward Wilson is non truly hatred, but instead a type of green-eyed monster and enviousness. Wilson, after all, was non afraid of the hurt king of beasts and carried on his shauri without cowardliness . Wilson, excessively, reaped the wagess of the Hunt, in Margot’s â€Å"affection† , which is the difficult physical turning point for Francis ; after Margot has proven her nonsense to Francis, he has no pick but to travel on in the abysmal appreciation of Margot or to do an attempt to alter everything about himself. Francis sees in Wilson what he would wish to go, a adult male who can command the result of events that should be beyond his control, a adult male who acts to guarantee that he is non a victim, a adult male in charge of his ain life. The forenoon after the king of beasts incident Wilson is everything Francis, through the class of his enduring self-assessment that dark, has decided to go. Thus it is no surprise that Francis is eager to travel out the following forenoon and turn out to everyone, including himself, that he is a changed adult male: â€Å"You’re sure you [ Wilson ] wouldn’t like to remain in cantonment with her yourself and allow me travel out and run the American bison? † 21 His avidity is foolish but it serves his intent: Francis displays his cheeky new attitude, rejects Margot’s efforts to quiet him ( i.e. , to command him ) and issues a challenge to Wilson, in kernel implying, â€Å"I’m non afraid to travel after the large game. You merely seek and maintain up with ( the new ) me.† At this point Francis # 8217 ; emotions are really complex. In his intensified province, tidal bore to turn out himself, he would certainly be mauled out on the field: excessively much testosterone, excessively small preparation and tact. Again it must be noted that Francis # 8217 ; # 8220 ; hatred # 8221 ; is tinged with heavy enviousness and bitterness of Wilson. Francis is so at the same time ashamed ( of his cowardliness # 8217 ; s resonance both in cantonment and in his caput ) and invigorated ( by his self-induced growing and avidity to move upon the fruit of his agony ) that externally he acts angered, stating Margot, # 8220 ; I hate the crimson swine. I loathe the sight of [ Wilson ] # 8221 ; while on the interior someplace he knows he will necessitate Wilson # 8217 ; s counsel and hunting expertness. 22 Therefore, when Wilson pulls up in the auto to travel out after the American bison, Francis is forthright, self-confident, and positively with Wilson 23: # 8220 ; Traveling hiting? # 8221 ; he asked. # 8220 ; Yes, # 8221 ; said Macomber, standing up. # 8220 ; Yes. # 8221 ; ( italics added ) . For the decision of the narrative and of Francis # 8217 ; personal journey, the point where Francis reaches consciousness, the action is one time once more outside, therefore finishing the structural arch. At first Wilson is weary of runing American bison with Francis, but one time the American bison are spotted Wilson sees a akin spirit in Francis. As the coach and tyro become spouses rushing across the field after the three H2O American bisons, Wilson remains a austere coach and Francis continues to resent Wilson # 8217 ; s comparative flawlessness 24: [ Francis ] was raising his rifle when Wilson shouted, # 8220 ; Not from the auto, you fool! # 8221 ; and he had no fright, merely hatred of Wilson. . . After the American bison have been downed, the alteration in Francis, his newfound consciousness and self-denial, are slightly evident to everyone. Macomber feels # 8220 ; a bibulous elation # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; In his life he had neer felt so good. # 8221 ; 25 Margot, recognizing she is losing her clasp on Francis, tries to de-value the experience, stating, # 8220 ; It seemed really unjust to me. . . trailing those large incapacitated things in a motor car. # 8221 ; 26 Wilson commends Francis: # 8220 ; I was merely wipe uping up a small. You shot bloody well. # 8221 ; Suddenly, Francis has no hatred of Wilson, that choler replaced by a type of chumminess: # 8220 ; Let # 8217 ; s all have a drink. # 8221 ; 27 Of class, nada is non this easy to agitate. As they celebrate, intelligence arrives that the first bull, ironically the lone one Macomber took single-handedly, has merely been wounded and has escaped into the shrub. Hemingway skilfully sets the phase for a trial of Francis # 8217 ; growing. Margot, who has non grown, says, # 8220 ; Then it # 8217 ; s traveling to be merely like the lion. # 8221 ; 28 Showing his newfound regard for Francis, Wilson snaps, # 8220 ; It # 8217 ; s non traveling to be a blasted spot like the lion. # 8221 ; and turning to Francis asks, # 8220 ; Would you like another drink, Macomber? # 8221 ; . 29 Precisely at this point, Francis feels the alteration in himself 30: He expected the feeling he had had about the king of beasts to come back but it did non. For the first clip in his life he truly felt entirely without fright. Alternatively of fright he had a feeling of definite elation. Francis wastes no clip in stating Wilson and Margot of his newfound deficiency of fright, stating, # 8220 ; I don # 8217 ; t think I # 8217 ; d of all time be afraid of anything once more. Something happened in me after we foremost saw the fan and started after him. Like a dike bursting. It was pure excitement. # 8221 ; After a few lines Francis says, # 8220 ; I feel perfectly different. # 8221 ; and a minute subsequently he expresses his arrant assurance: # 8220 ; You know, I # 8217 ; vitamin Ds like to seek another king of beasts. I # 8217 ; m non truly afraid of them now. After all, what can they make to you? # 8221 ; 31 Wilson is so impressed with Francis # 8217 ; alteration that he recites a Shakespeare citation which has served as a slogan for him, something Wilson neer would hold revealed about himself had he non found a akin spirit in Francis. Hemingway gives a half page of Wilson # 8217 ; s ideas on the growing and alteration of Macomber, of which these lines are cardinal extracts 32: Beggar had likely been afraid all his life. Don # 8217 ; t cognize what started it. But over now. Hadn # 8217 ; t had clip to be afraid with the fan. That and being angry excessively. . . Fear gone like an operation. Something else grew in its topographic point. Main thing a adult male had. Made him into a adult male. Women knew it excessively. No bloody fright. Meanwhile, throughout Francis # 8217 ; enraptured jubilation of his newfound control of his life, and as Wilson admires Francis # 8217 ; impressive hunting action, Margot is icily quiet, merely showing her disgust at the Hunt. She excessively has seen the alteration in Francis, and it worries her, for she is losing control of him: # 8220 ; Her disdain was non unafraid. She was really afraid of something. # 8221 ; 33 In an indispensable transition, the scared Margot confronts Francis about his sudden courage: # 8220 ; Isn # 8217 ; t it excessively tardily? # 8221 ; she asks. He responds, # 8220 ; Not for me # 8221 ; , showing that merely now in the last few minutes has he had any control in the entireness of his life. 34 Merely as Harry in # 8220 ; The Snows of Kilimanjaro # 8221 ; decides to pick up his pen and compose once more in order to battle the environing nothing, Francis picks up his gun and decides to move upon the consciousness he has gained during his personal journey from sheltered artlessness through self-assessing agony to a remarkable confrontation with nothing. It is portion of Francis # 8217 ; shauri as a huntsman to complete what he has started with the American bison ; Wilson taught him that with the king of beasts but it took the painful realisations Francis had overnight and the stoic encouragement of Wilson to do Francis willing to carry through his shauri. There is one concluding minute of tuition merely prior to the point where Wilson and the new Francis, the Francis ready to move with self-respect, caput into the shrub. This minute follows the form of all the old happenings of sincere tuition in that it takes topographic point off from Margot, off from nothing. Wilson off ers some advice on what to anticipate from the hurt bull and bluffly states how hard it will be to convey the bull down. Compared with his cowardliness at the king of beasts incident, it is obvious from Francis # 8217 ; reaction that he is non the same individual he one time was 35: Macomber felt his bosom buffeting and his oral cavity was dry once more, but it was exhilaration, non fright. In the narrative # 8217 ; s decision, Francis stands his land fire as the bull charges him, merely to be shot with an elephant gun from behind by Margot, who watches from the auto ( an inside, safe location where she risks nil ) . Wilson finishes the shauri which Francis and he had been spouses on and so, standing over Macomber # 8217 ; s ripped apart caput and organic structure, in cold blood attacks Margot # 8217 ; s malicious devastation of her hubby: # 8220 ; Why didn # 8217 ; t you merely poison him? That # 8217 ; s what they do in England. # 8221 ; 36 # 8220 ; The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber # 8221 ; offers a dim hope for the cause of self-betterment through the exercising of free will. Francis does achieve the consciousness he strives for, but at the cost of blowing his full ( grownup ) life in the kingdom of nothing before realizing, through exposure to raw fright and danger, that he has no bravery # 8212 ; non enough to stand up to a hurt king of beasts, nor his married woman, nor his ain creaky moral values of money and Societal standing. Wilson helps Francis along the journey by supplying a quiet but compelling illustration of a adult male who has faced fright, faced nothing, and get the better of them. In the terminal, though, the forces of determinism win out over Francis. If Francis is winning, in many ways he is a phyrric master. He stands firing, happy and gladdened, in an ultimate act of free will and courage as the bull charges him, merely to be shot in the dorsum ( literally ) by his married woman, the rep resentation of all that he has come to reject, the representation of nothing. Hemingway # 8217 ; s message is rather clear: it is a beastly battle to do something of yourself in the modern universe, and there are few things you can swear, and you can neer number on anything good enduring really long, and if you find something deserving keeping on to you had better hold tightly because the remainder of the universe will seek like snake pit to destroy it for you, and the odds are in their favour. After Margot shoots Francis even Wilson # 8217 ; s biting, sarcastic onslaughts on her ultimately ring hollow in comparing to the overpowering esthesis the reader gets that all of Francis # 8217 ; enduring, so his full life, was about wholly for nothing. Hemingway # 8217 ; s perfect small rubric reveals the lone portion of Francis Macomber # 8217 ; s life that truly counted or mattered: those short, happy minutes of the American bison Hunt. Everything else was nada. Notes List ( page Numberss without an writer are from the text of # 8220 ; The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber # 8221 ; ) 1Grebstein, p. 16 2Grebstein, pp. 5-7 3p. 21. Francis lies entirely in bed the dark after the king of beasts incident comforting himself by thinling of what he knows: His married woman had been through with him before but it neer lasted. He was really affluent, and he would be much wealthier, and he knew she would non go forth him of all time now. That was one of the few things that he truly knew. He knew about that, about motor rhythms # 8212 ; that was the earliest # 8212 ; about motor autos, about duck-shooting, about fishing, trout, salmon and large sea, about sex in books, many books, excessively many books, about all tribunal games, about Canis familiariss, non much about Equus caballuss, approximately hanging on to his money, about most of the other things his universe dealt in, and about his married woman non go forthing him. ( italics added ) . All of these things mean nil to Francis on the campaign ; none of them give him any footing for bravery. 4p. 6 5p. 22. As cogent evidence of the # 8220 ; canned experience # 8221 ; nature of the campaign, a Societal magazine in New York had the undermentioned to describe on the Macomber # 8217 ; s trip: They were adding more than a spice of escapade to their much envied and ever-enduring Love affair by a Safari in what was known as Darkest Africa. . . 6p. 7 7ibid. 8p. 26 9p. 26 ; p. 23 severally 10p. 7 11Rovit, p. 60 12p. 5 13p. 18 14p. 8 15ibid. 16p. 12 17p. 8 18previous three citations in essay text, pp. 10-11 19p. 11 20p. 23 21p. 24 22p. 25 23ibid. 24p. 28 25p. 29 26p. 30 27p. 29 28p. 30 29p. 31 30ibid. 31previous three citations in essay text, p. 32 32p. 33 33p. 34 34ibid. 35p. 35 36p. 37 List Grebstein, Sheldon Norman. # 8220 ; The Structure of Hemingway # 8217 ; s Short Stories # 8221 ; . in Hemingway # 8217 ; s Craft. Southern Illinois University Press. Carbondale and Edwardsville. Hemingway, Ernest. # 8220 ; The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber # 8221 ; . in The Short Stories. Scribner/Simon A ; Schuster, New York. 1995. Rovit, Earl. # 8220 ; Of Coachs and Tyros. # 8221 ; in Ernest Hemingway. Twayne Publishers, Inc. New York. Other Beginnings Bruccoli, Matthew J. Conversations with Ernest Hemingway. University Press of Mississippi. Jackson and London. 1986. Hoffman, Steven K. # 8220 ; # 8216 ; Nada # 8217 ; and the Clean, Illuminated Topographic point: The Unity of Hemingway # 8217 ; s Short Fiction. # 8221 ; in Essays in Literature 6, no. 1. Spring, 1979. Waldhorn, Arthur. # 8220 ; Style # 8221 ; . in A Reader # 8217 ; s Guide to Ernest Hemingway.

Contingency Theories of Leadership

The contingency theory, as applied in leadership, considers various factors that contribute to a leader’s effectiveness by interaction with his or her leadership behaviour. According to contingency theories, there is not any particular leadership style suited for all the situations (Betts 2011, p.123).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contingency Theories of Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A leadership style effective in particular situations may be unsuccessful in others. The evaluation of particular variables in a given environment such as the quality of followers, establishes the most appropriate style in a particular situation. This phenomenon explains the observation of an effective leader becoming considerably unproductive when transferred to a different working environment or the prevailing factors in the old environment changes. Fiedler’s, Hersey and Blanchard’s, and the pa th-goal theories provide the three major approaches of isolating situational variables in leadership. Fiedler’s contingency theory identifies the subordinates’ personality and attitude, task structure and the leader’s position in terms of power as the variables that influence leadership effectiveness. This model asses the performance of a leader by evaluating the output of the work group under the leader’s supervision (Brock 2012, p.1). Moreover, the theory assumes that the level of favourability of a situation to a leader is dependent on the degree to which the situation permits the leader’s influence on the group members’ behaviour. This aspect of the theory defines effective leadership as the ability to influence others in the aim of achieving organizational goals. According to this model, there are two categories of leaders. These are the task-oriented and person-oriented leaders. The task-oriented leaders’ main concern is the acc omplishment of tasks with desirable outputs (Jarvis 2006, p. 106). In this regard, they fail to attain their results because they are less concern with the group members and thus cannot appropriately deal with ineffective teamwork. The person-oriented leaders considerably value their team members, and this hampers their accomplishment of tasks due to minimal contribution of some members to the task achievement. These two types of leaders are effective under different conditions. The task-oriented leader achieves better results in both the extreme cases of favourable or unfavourable circumstances. On the other hand, the person-oriented leader achieves better results under moderately favourable conditions.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Fiedler’s theory, effective leadership is factor of the personality and style of a leader and the working environment. Th ese aspects considerably determine the success of leadership. While Fiedler’s theory assumes that leadership styles are consistent and difficult to change, and thus leaders must be placed in an environment that fits their leadership style, the Hersey and Blanchard model and the Path-goal theory assume that any leader is capable of adapting to new environments and display the required effectiveness in any given situation. He or she can adjust the leadership style to work efficiently in diverse situations (Williams 2011, p. 407). Furthermore, Fiedler’s model stipulates that if the situation is not optimal for a particular leader, the situation require change or the leader should undergo a replacement in order to improve leadership effectiveness. The situation can undergo change to fit the leader through such means as task restructuring or minimising the leader’s power over various control factors. The Hersey and Blanchard situational leadership model focuses on th ree major leadership aspects. These are the task behaviour, relationship behaviour, and maturity. According to this model, leaders have to vary their emphasis on tasks and relationship behaviours in order to deal with different levels of maturity among team members. Concerning the task behaviour, the leader engages in a one-way communication by outlining each worker’s task. In this aspect, the workers cannot give feedback to their leader. The relationship behaviour examines a two-way communication between the leader and the workers. In this aspect, there are channels for feedback and the leader can offer support and guidance to the subordinates and act as a facilitator. Maturity describes the readiness of an individual to take control of his or her behaviour considering that there are varying degrees of maturity among people about a specific task or objective in question. Under situational leadership model, an effective leader should identify the different levels of readiness among followers concerning the performance of particular tasks and apply the most suitable style. This will enable the leader to respond with more flexibility and thus enhance followers’ maturity (Borkowski 2009, p.201). When the leader establishes a high level of a follower’s maturity, he or she can adopt the delegation style, which requires minimal interventions. On the other hand, the identification of low levels of maturity in a follower requires the adoption of a style that emphasis on the particular task. Among other things, an effective leader will give instructions in scenarios where followers lack the capability or are unwilling to effectively accomplish the allocate tasks.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contingency Theories of Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The leader should adopt styles that encourage followers to share ideas and thus gain more understanding and confidence regarding the task in question. This model enables leaders to acknowledge the need for continual followers’ skills improvement through training and other development measures (DeRue et al. 2010, p. 640). The path-Goal Theory discusses the effects of four types of leadership styles on the subordinates attitudes and expectations. These are the supportive, directive, achievement-oriented, and participative styles. By analysing various situational factors, an effective leader opts for the style that provides strong Path-goal indications and incentives. The leader should avoid a style that induces redundancy and aggravations within the environmental structure sources or is not congruent with the employee characteristic (Kotlyar Karakowsky 2006, p.400). The directive style ensures that followers adhere to the stipulated rules and regulations regarding tasks. Although this style facilitates better results concerning ambiguous tasks, it is ineffective in well-structured and clearly defined tasks as it introduces redundancy. The supportive style entails a friendly and supportive leader to the employees (Gutpa 2009, p.1). It creates a supportive environment in structured tasks, but is inappropriate when there are already other sources of encouragement such as the organization. The participative styles are appropriate for ambiguous tasks as they allow employee selection of tasks and influence of decisions. The achievement-oriented behaviours are suitable for ambiguously structured tasks. The Path-goal theory postulates that the subordinates’ behaviour and environmental characteristics determine the leadership style used, and the performance pertaining to various assigned tasks. The Path-goal theory differs from the Fiedler’s model in that it considers the individual leadership styles to vary as situations within an organization change (Chance Chance, 2002, p. 114). In addition, the Path-goal theory definition of the effectiveness of a leader, whic h entails the followers’ satisfaction and motivation, differs from Fielders’ definition in this regard. According to this theory, effective leaders increase their subordinates’’ motivation and satisfaction by supporting them in their pursuance of important goals.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They should demonstrate to them the value of various outcomes under their control and clarify the paths to these outcomes. An effective leader will embark on the eradication of barriers that may arise during the pursuance of crucial goals. All the three theories focus on the extent to which the leader emphasizes on tasks and structuring issues while considering the relationship-relevant supportive and participative behaviours. However, the leadership variable in the Fielder’s model is a motivational orientation rather than a set of behaviours despite the assumptions that the orientations relate to the behaviours (Schermerhorn 2011, p. 267). From a leadership perspective, Fiedler’s model and the Path-goal theory offer some insight into variable that affect the effectiveness of a leader. The two theories are considerably aligned concerning the conditions under which task-oriented or directive style of leadership are desirable. Both models concur on the use of the task-or iented style of leadership in cases where there are no clear guidelines regarding tasks. Although the Fiedler’s model failed to address the processes, by which the leader’s motivational orientation affects group processes and outcomes, the Path-goal theory has identifies the specific variables that need address in defining the followers’ motivation (Chemers 1997, p. 45). The Path-goal and the Heresy and Blanchard models shared a lot as they attempt to describe the appropriate leadership behaviour using similar parameters such as various leadership styles applicable in different situations. Both models consider how well the subordinate understand the relevant actions in the accomplishment of their tasks. Fiedler’s model disregards the followers’ aspect of the ability and willingness to take responsibility concerning a particular task as an important aspect of effective leadership. The Path-goal model has made numerous assumptions in this aspect. How ever, the situational leadership theory considers various behaviours of a follower that might affect the expected outcome and outlined the most appropriate leader’s response in order to facilitate the realization of organizational goals. References Betts, S. C. (2011). Contingency Theory: Science Or Technology?. Journal of Business Economic Research, 1(8), 123-130. Borkowski, N. (2009). Organizational behavior in health care (2nd ed.). Jones and Bartlett Publishers: Sudbury, Mass. Brock, D. M. (2012). Toward a contingency theory of planning. Journal of Management Organization, 1, 1. Chance, P. L., Chance, E. W. (2002). Introduction to educational leadership organizational behavior: theory into practice. Eye On Education: Larchmont, N.Y. Chemers, M. M. (1997). An Integrative Theory of Leadership. Routledge: London. DeRue, D. S., Barnes, C. M., Morgeson, F. P. (2010). Understanding the Motivational Contingencies of Team Leadership. Small Group Research, 41(5), 621-651. Gut pa, A. (2009). Path-Goal Leadership. Leadership and Development , 1, 1. Jarvis, M. (2006). Sport Psychology: A Student’s Handbook, Volume 10. Psychology Pres: Hove. Kotlyar, I., Karakowsky, L. (2006). Leading Conflict? Linkages Between Leader Behaviors and Group Conflict. Small Group Research, 37(4), 377-403. Schermerhorn, J. R. (2011). Exploring management (3rd ed.). John Wiley Sons: Hoboken, N.J. Williams, C. (2011). Effective Management: A Multimedia Approach. Cengage Learning: Detroit. This essay on Contingency Theories of Leadership was written and submitted by user Anders Erickson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Romero Brittos Art Form

Romero Brittos Art Form Art is a product or process of arranging items so that they can influence and affect one or more of the senses, emotions, and intellect, where the arrangement of these items often has a symbolic significance. In art, creativity and innovations are key attributes and art includes music, painting, sculptures, painting, photography, and literature.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Romero Brittos Art Form specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Those people who are involved in art are called artists and organize their arts in way that will influence people. On the other hand design is a plan or convection for the construction of a system or an object. Arts and design go hand in hand because; Artists cannot be able to perform their work without design. Before starting the artwork, the artist first designs the items, object, or music he or she wants to produce and then starts his work. This paper focuses on a world artist named Romero Britto and his art form. It further focuses on the meanings of his works to him and the influences the artist has to the world (Parker 19). Romero Britto’s Biography: He was born in Recife, Brazil in 1963. At the early age, Romero learned to paint surfaces such as newspapers. At the age of 23, he travelled to Paris where he worked with Matisse and Picasso and combined influences from cubism with pop to create iconic style. This gained him popularity especially through The New York Times that described his work as â€Å"exudes warmth, optimism, and love†. In 1988, Rometo relocated to Miami and became an international artist. During the year 1989, in the campaign of vodka, Warhol, Haring as well as Romero were selected. Since then his pop sensibility has earned him many collaborations, the latest being the FIFA that he created an official poster for the year 2010 World cup. In addition, he has illustrated many books, where Simon, Schuster, and Rizzoli publi sh his books. His popularity has grown tremendously and his work exhibited in galleries and museums in more than 100 countries. In addition, he has created several public art installations. Example of these public art installations are John F. Kennedy Airport (New York) and O2 Done (Berlin). Britto views art as a field of positive change while artists are the agents of this positive change. He collaborates with over 250 charitable organizations which he donates time, arts and resources as well as serving as a benefactor. He also serves in several boards such the St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Rometo Britto Art: Through the popularity of his work, Rometo has been active in the production of his arts. The form of his art compared to other artists is of high quality. In our context, form has the meaning of how art items are viewed as a whole piece of visible items and the unity of these elements. During the artwork, the artist shifts the focus of his work to the interrelationship between art and audience as well as the form of relationship between the painter and the model. There is a comparison of two windows of flowers from Britto and the other from Weinberg. He asserts that Britto’s metal sculpture flower was bright and colorful to be used for both indoors and outdoors exhibition.† like all his work, it is of intellectual content, going for easy emotional appeal, and relies on industrial perfection to achieve its attraction† (Betancournt 41). This is clear evidence that the kind of art works that Brito produced were of high form, a result of creativity and design used. Britto was attractive just the way a new car is and the flower was happy and engaging what is considered as a standard art world treatment of subject. Moreover, Britto’s flower represented the loca l environment. The brightness and colorfulness represented the bright and colorful nature. Looking at this flower could have changed ones perspective towards nature. Brito’s art form focused on bringing meaning that would help the viewer to be optimistic of what is happening in the world (Barbara 14). In another sculptural piece of art called a mother’s love, he intended to bring meaning of how mothers should have great love to their siblings. It comprised of two elephants sculpture, that is, a mother and a child close together, an illustration that there was communication and love between them (Kirchmar 32). In addition, another piece of his art but this time a serigraph called American revival that has one big heart with the United States of America flag colors surrounded by smaller hearts with different colors signified how the Americans should be united. His intention of using the heart was to symbolize love that should bind the people of America to their nation as well as the nation to its people (Rectanus 15). Influence of Britto; According to his biography alongside the meaning of his artwork, Britto is an artist of high caliber. He has been an agent of positive change to the world through his actions. Having the pilferage to speak at the World Economic summit in Davos is an indication of a person who has initiated change to the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Romero Brittos Art Form specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the collaborations with various charitable organizations are a sign of being a good role model. Britto has held countless schools and institutional talks, which justifies that his influence is great in the World since no institution or school would allow someone with negative influence to speak to the students (Wales 19). Similarly, through his arts Britto has been able to pass great message of love, peace, unity, as well as enlightenin g the society on different aspects of nature and culture (Rectanus 53). He has produced sculpture with plants and their species, animals and people to pass important information to the people. For the animals, Britto has given the people an insight of how they should treat and love the animals (Ellwood 67). Britto has been called upon to design various places in order to capture the attention or influence people to have a given attitude to those places. Britto was given the role to create new designs for Land Shark Stadium exterior gateways (Horrow and Tagliabue 53). When the stadium became popular, he turned it into a guest place. The invitation by the president of Brazil at the beginning of the year 2011 in Rede Cegonha to participate in making a logo reached 61 million people including children and mothers. If his work had no influence, the president would not have invited him for the project (Betancourt 16). Britto was known to maintain peace and resolve conflicts by internation al programs for negotiation as a benefactor. In nutshell, Britto can be said to be a person of high caliber, great influence as well as a mentor to people who their career aspiration is in arts. His attitude of having his own principles is a challenge to many who find the world as full of impossibilities. Betancourt, Michael. Re-viewing Miami: A Collection of Essays, Criticism, Art Reviews. Miami: Wildside Press, 2004. Print. Biography. Romero Britto. n.d. Web.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ellwood, Mark. The Rough Road to Miami. London: Rough Guides Ltd, 2002 Print. Horrow, Rick and Tagliabue, Paul. Beyond the Scoreboard: An Insider’s Guide to the Business of Sport. USA: Morgan James Publishing, 2011. Print. Kirchmer, Mathias. High Performance through Process Excellence: From Strategy to Operations. New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. Print Parker, Barbara. Suspicion of Malice. New York: E-Rights/E-Reads, Ltd. Publishers, 2000. Print. Rectanus, mark. Culture Incorporated Museums, Artists, and Corporate Sponsorships. USA: University of Minnesota, 2002 Print. Wales, Jimmy. Rometo Britto’s. USA: PS-Professional Services, 2008. Print

Astronomy_xtra2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Astronomy_xtra2 - Essay Example â€Å"Beyond the Big Bang† is a must see video for beginning or advanced students. The concepts taken for granted today, like the planets revolving around the sun, gravity, and star compositions were unknown thousands of years ago. This led to the Greeks and Romans to create Gods out of the stars. Astrology was born out of the superstitious thoughts of events happening due to star and planet position. The Greeks and Romans could only view the sky with the naked eye. Without modern technologies or telescopes, the ancient world believed the Earth was the center of the universe. Copernicus, Keppler, and Galileo built upon each other’s work. Despite religious interference, the sun was proven to be the center of the universe. However, Galileo’s attempt to interpret the Biblical passage to fit his theories caused his downfall. From the beginning religious dogma interfered with astronomy and science. Although the telescope was proving Church doctrine wrong, Galileo was silenced due to Church belief. It is amazing how humans wanted to stay ignorant in the name of faith. Gravity was proven by Newton. This helped prove how planets revolve around the Earth. Gravity holds our universe together. Newton’s formula for gravity and mathematics has built the study of physics. The science and mathematical merger of physics helped future scientists create new theories. Einstein built upon Newton’s theories. The idea of a finite universe scared Einstein, who wanted an infinite universe. After studying gravity, Einstein came to the conclusion the universe did have a beginning. Einstein’s Theory of Relativity was arrived by shear thought. He was an intelligent man that could think out experiments in his head. Einstein figured out that the universe was expanding or contracting. Despite his reservations, Einstein proved that the universe was moving away. Einstein could not have imagined that his research would prove the

The effectiveness of SMS,Internet and other advertising for business Essay

The effectiveness of SMS,Internet and other advertising for business incubators - Essay Example This is a relatively new form of advertising, yet one that has already generated a wide range of textual sub-types. (Hughes, 1998) For example, there are simple 'banners' pasted across WebPages advertising a particular service or product; there are whole sites run by specific companies, such as Coca-Cola or Benetton; and there are mailshots that arrive in people's email boxes, in the form of brochures, memos and letters. In addition to these more obvious forms of advertising, there are now, of course, Internet versions of some of the texts such as university prospectuses and church posters (for an example of the latter, go to http://www.bbc.co.uk and click on 'religion'.Although some concern has been expressed that the standard of advertising has been poor on the Internet and that this has damaged the chances of dot-com companies to turn a profit, there is no doubt that Internet texts can be very imaginative because of the resources available to them for interactivity. What follows i s a starting point for thinking about the ways WebPages offer a different kind of read from paper pages. Getting some idea about this will be important in order to assess how online advertising texts might work. (Judge, 1998) WebPages and SMS as Advertising Tools For incubators firms advertising, WebPages are organised very differently from their paper counterparts. In fact, the term 'page' when applied to an Internet text is a metaphor. Electronic texts are not formed of pages at all, but we are encouraged to think in this way because it makes electronic discourse seem familiar and approachable. Electronic texts are a bit like a set of Russian dolls: as you read a screenful of text and click a link, you are taken to a new set of information and new links. You can keep going until all the links run out which, in some cases, will take the reader a long way from their starting point (often called a 'homepage'). This process is sometime referred to as non-linearity: paper texts are described as linear because they are processed line-by-line, while electronic texts can be read in many different ways, with readers jumping between sections of text, between different pages, and between different Internet sites in a non-linear fashion. (Solomon, 1995 ) As will be inferred from reading the above, electronic texts are often seen as offering more opportunity for interactivity than paper texts. Readers can scroll pages in various directions, can click through to new information via links, can stop a page working altogether, and can, in many cases, save and archive a text in their own files. Interactivity works both ways, however: it isn't just about the reader being active, since the availability of certain kinds of electronic tools also allows a webpage to be in motion in the way a paper page can only dream about. Animated graphics allow language and images to dance and sing (provided the computer has a sound card, in the latter case); pictures can dissolve and re-form to show narrative progression of an idea; a question can be asked in the text, then disappear and form itself into an answer. Line drawings and logos can appear to come to life, and the only limits to colour, glitter and other appearances of physicality are

Restaurant Ethnography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Restaurant Ethnography - Essay Example I decided to observe the behavior of the employees (waitresses, cashiers, chefs among others) thereby focusing on the importance of good behavior and customer relation in creating customer loyalty. Context: Cottage Inn is a medium restaurant that serves the daily food needs of the habitats of Chester’s Mill. It is located at the heart of the town, directly opposite Walmart Mall and besides Shell gas station. The restaurant serves various types of foods such as snacks, entrees and beverages, which are drafted in a stylish menu. Upon entry, there is a buffet service on the first right turn. I observed waiters standing behind big silver dishes awaiting to serve the customers. On the left, is a classy burrito bar which contains all the necessary items that are needed to make a sandwich or a Mexican burrito. Opposite the burrito bar is a brand new machine which is used to produce blended juice. Besides, this restaurant has also adequate space that allows the customers to relax and have a clear view of the outside while dinning. The dining room, a huge room decorated with golden curtains and expensive furniture, is located on the first floor of the building. Leather couches are arranged all-round the dining room with large television sets positioned exactly opposite each couch, I carried out my observations seated on the middle couch since I could observe almost everything from that point. This observations spanned over a period half an hour. First, I noted that there were different jobs assigned to different employees who were expected to carry them out. There were a couple of workers including five chefs on the main kitchen, six cleaners (three downstairs and three upstairs), two ushers, one burrito bar attendant, one milk and beverage server and four to five dish washers. These workers were all cladded uniformly. They wore white head wears, black pants and a white apron. They all looked neat apart from one whose shirt had been spilt over by soup.

United States Agency for International Development Africa

United States Agency for International Development Africa William H Goss As the process of globalization inexorably ties nations, regions, and continents into a greater interconnected web of interaction, the recognition emerges that the condition of a particular geopolitical location is bound to the condition of the world as a whole. Conflict, poverty, and disease in one country may have negative consequences for another despite great spatial distance. Conversely, improvements in governance, economics, and public health in even a single city or town may have positive reverberating effects across distant continents. In regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) defines specific sectors such as Agriculture and Food Security, Education, Water and Sanitation, Crises and Conflict, and Global Health, and applies specific goals to each one. As a global actor, USAID approaches sub-Saharan African countries in west, east, and south sub-regions as individual cases in need of both immediate and long-term soluti ons for relief and development. USAID’s mission is shaped by the belief that improvements to a broad range of development sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa will enhance the national security of the United States. USAID operates through public-private collaborative efforts that provide financial and technical assistance in distinct but synergistic sectors. USAID is a relatively young governmental agency that has periodically shifted its organization and strategies to achieve evolving goals worldwide. USAID was created by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, which consolidated existing foreign aid organizations under one agency (Ballantyne Dugan, 2012). From the onset, USAID leaders recognized the connection between international well-being and the well-being of the United States. In 1962 President John F. Kennedy addressed Congress, stating â€Å"Our efforts to help [other nations] help themselves, to demonstrate and strengthen the vitality of free institutions, are small in cost compared to our military outlays for the defense of freedom† (Ballantyne Dugan, 2012). Countries in sub-Saharan Africa have been a focus of USAID since its inception, and have become increasingly emphasized in recent times. In the 1960’s, USAID offered assistance in thirty-one sub-Saharan African countries in order to improve levels of education , agricultural productivity, and rural road development (Ballantyne Dugan, 2012). Today, there is a multifaceted USAID plan for forty-two countries in the region (U.S. Agency for International Development, 2015). The region of Sub-Saharan Africa, massive in terms of size and environmental, ethnic, and cultural diversity, possesses a complex series of human issues that are influenced by history, geography, and global interactions. Of all the countries in the world, the twenty-two lowest ranking on the Human Development Index a measure of an average citizen’s health, knowledge, and standard of living are all located in Africa (Marston et. al, 2014). European colonialism has left a legacy that continues to challenge African nations. During the 1884-1885 Berlin Conference, European powers created arbitrary boundaries on the African continent that grouped distinct and sometimes hostile ethnic, cultural, and religious populations together (Marston et. al, 2014). The transitions from colonial territories to independent nations were not uniform; instead, some countries developed stable, effective democracies while others are still marred with military dictatorships, corruption, and violence. Changes to infrastructure during Africa’s colonial period are still evidenced by the exportation of cash crops introduced by Europeans, such as tea plantations in Kenya and peanuts in Nigeria and Senegal (Marston et. al, 2014). Dependence upon a small group of agricultural exports, it can be argued, have made many African nations vulnerable to fluctuations in global prices and demand and have likely contributed to low levels economic development. The essence of USAID’s motivation for its actions around the world and in sub-Saharan Africa rests on the premise that U.S. national security is bound to the stability of regions experiencing poverty, conflict, or other social issues. USAID defines itself as â€Å"[..] the lead government agency that works to end extreme global poverty and enable resilient, democratic societies to realize their potential† (U.S. Agency for International Development, 2015). This mission statement is compatible with larger U.S. strategic imperatives in Africa. AFRICOM, a agency of the U.S. Defense department focused on military and strategic objectives in Africa, is one such partner. Sharon Cromer, the Senior Deputy Assistant Administer in USAID’s Bureau for Africa, stated to the Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health and Human Rights that â€Å"[†¦] USAID and AFRICOM engagement is mutually supportive of U.S. foreign policy objectives. [†¦] Instability, poverty, and diseas e travel with ease across oceans and borders† (U.S Congress, 2011). Despite the overarching goal of ensured U.S. security, however, USAID is unique from other U.S. governmental bodies in its focus on humanitarian aid in a wide range of categories. The ability to provide reliable sustenance is one of the most primeval combinations of skills and knowledge that enable a population to thrive and develop. But when geographical, ecological and historical factors impede a population’s ability to feed itself, the overall productivity and well-being of society deteriorates. With less than 30% of sub-Saharan African soil able to be cultivated in addition to the devastation that pests like locusts and the Quela bird can wreak on crops African populations have necessarily developed adaptations appropriate for their respective ecological area (Marston .et all, 2014). However, the impacts of colonialism’s emphasis on export crops, as well as the effects of global climate change, have reduced the capacity of agriculture to provide food within the region. One approach USAID has taken in the pursuit of greater food security has been to provide education and technical assistance in the field of agriculture. For example, since th e 1960’s USAID has supported institutions of higher learning such as Egerton College, a Kenyan university that leads the country’s study of agriculture and biotech (Toh, 2012). Another example of USAID’s effort to boost agricultural diversity can be found in developing dairy production in Kenya. Through the 1990’s and 2000’s, financial, technical, and training assistance were provided to the Siongiroi dairy plant, the success of which spurred economic growth in farming, transportation, and exchange (Toh, 2012). Even more immediate in necessity than nutritious food is safe, reliable water for drinking and sanitation. In the midst of violent conflict, access to water can become tenuous at best. Sudan experienced civil war from 1955 to 1972 and 1983 to 1995, killing and displacing millions of people in and around the country (Marston et. al, 2014). Furthermore, the conflict destroyed physical infrastructure and social cohesiveness essential to maintaining utilities. In the recently-independent country of South Sudan, for example, USAID estimates that at least 30% of the population lacks access to safe drinking water and only 13% has the opportunity to use sanitation facilities (U.S. Agency for International Development, 2015). To increase the availability of clean water, USAID has made partnerships with private corporations. In Wau, South Sudan, USAID teams repaired the defunct water-treatment facility and expanded its operations under the Wau Urban Water Corp (U.S. Agency for International De velopment, 2015). Public Health is a particularly salient developmental sector that has profound impacts on individuals, families, and communities in countries and around the world. The current Ebola epidemic in west sub-Saharan Africa has garnered widespread media attention and international responses. Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is caused by four of the five strains of the Ebola virus, which is transmitted through the contact of bodily fluids and is fatal in up to 50% of cases (CDC, 2015). USAID sent a Disaster Assistance Relief Team (DART) to West Africa in August 2014 (U.S. Agency for International Development, 2015). In that month, the number of suspected, probable, and confirmed EVD cases was 1600, with 900 deaths. In April 2015, the total number of EVD cases was 26,277, with 10,884 deaths in the countries of Liberia, Sierra Leon, Guinea, and Mali (U.S. Agency for International Development, 2015). This epidemic constitutes the largest Ebola outbreak in history (CDC, 2015). With such tragically hig h death rates, the fear that the Ebola virus will continue to spread has infected the minds of many citizens and leaders in far away nations, including the United States. In order to combat the threat of a continuing Ebola virus epidemic and to provide relief and stabilization in affected countries, USAID has adopted a multifaceted approach that involves collaboration between other U.S. medical and military agencies, non-governmental organizations, and local people. USAID’s DART to West Africa â€Å"includes staff from [†¦] USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA), the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Departments of Defense and Health and Human Services† (U.S. Agency for International Development, 2015). Possessing a large budget and hierarchical structure overseeing specialized task forces, USAID is able to organize the distribution of funding, logistical transport of goods and people, and communication with other groups to achieve a particular goal. A major strength of USAID is its resource base and ability to deliver goods with flexibility, as well as communicate with other supportive organizations. Due to the highly contagious nature of EVD, health care practitioners in affected areas need specialized protective wear such as facemasks, gloves, and aprons to protect themselves from infection. In addition, sanitizing chemicals that can neutralize the virus from the equipment are of paramount necessity. One such chemical is High Test Hypochlorite (HTH), which due to its unstable chemical nature can cause explosions if handled incorrectly. To address this safety hazard, USAID organized the delivery via cargo ship of 53 metric tons of HTH to Guinea and 38 tons to Sierra Leone, which was then distributed by truck to necessary areas (Han, 2015). Logistical assistance such as this contributes to the overall goals of containment and treatment of EVD. In the countries of Sierra Leon, Guinea, and Liberia –which have been the most heavily infected during the Ebola crisis – the dissemination of factual information to the public helps dispel myths that have inadvertently help the disease spread. Such myths held by some Liberians include the belief that the Ebola Virus is a hoax, or that patients who go to treatment clinics are experimented on (Mobula 2014). Such myths can dissuade people who are infected or at risk of infection from seeking treatment and spread the disease to others. In a country with fractured communication systems, it can be difficult to reach the ears of the larger community with clarifying information. USAID has partnered with a NGO called Internews that supports Guinean Journalists to cover stories about Ebola (Han, 2015). Some of the most effective reporting has come from within Ebola treatment centers, where interviews with health care providers, patients, and survivors transmitted via radio help to gain the trust and respect of listening native audiences. One contributing factor to the proliferation of EVD in West African countries has been the overall lack or underdevelopment of health care facilities, trained practitioners, and infrastructure. In Liberia for example, one of USAID’s focuses is to continue to develop public health services even as the number of Ebola patients continues to fall. This action is taken in the belief that future outbreaks of infectious diseases will be better able to be contained. In Liberia, USAID funded a training program that worked with a Johns-Hopkins affiliated organization called Jhpiego to instruct health care workers on proper techniques for treating EVD infected patients while remaining safe themselves (Dale, 2015). The medical knowledge specific to the Ebola virus that has been acquired and spread will also be valuable in a broader public health context. It is difficult to assess completely the complex interactions of agriculture and education, humanitarian conflicts and drinking water access, and public health in a global context. That being said, global actors such as USAID theorize that positive developments in distinct but synergistic sectors will amplify to reach the greater good of all. In sub-Saharan African countries facing social or environmental problems, USAID works to implement immediate and long-term solutions for relief and development. Through public-private collaborative efforts, USAID funds and supplies progressive actions in mutually-supportive sectors of development. Works Cited Ballantyne, J., Dugan, M. (Eds.). (2012). Fifty Years in USAID: Stories From the Front Lines. Arlington Hall Press. Coordinating Africa Policy on Security, Counterterrorism, Humanitarian Operations and Development, House of Representatives, 112th Congress. (2011). Dale, K. (2015, April 6). Moving Beyond Ebola: Rebuilding Liberias Health Care System. Retrieved May 6, 2015, from http://blog.usaid.gov/2015/04/moving-beyond-ebola- rebuilding-liberias-health-care-system/ Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever. (2015, April 14). Retrieved April 18, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/ Han, C. (2015, April 10). How Guinea’s Journalists Are Fighting to Win the War Against Ebola. Retrieved April 26, 2015, from http://blog.usaid.gov/2015/04/how-guineas-journalists- are-fighting-to-win-the-war-against-ebola/ Han, C. (2015, March 10). USAID Takes to the High Seas to Bring Reinforcements to Guinea’s Ebola Fight. Retrieved April 26, 2015, from http://blog.usaid.gov/2015/03/usaid-takes-to- the-high-seas-to-bring-reinforcements-to-guineas-ebola-fight-2/ Mobula, L.M. (2014). Courage is not the absence of fear: responding to the Ebola outbreak in Liberia. Glob Health Sci Pract. 487-489. from:http://www.researchgate.net/publication/271331527_Courage_is_not_the_absence_ of_fear_responding_to_the_Ebola_outbreak_in_Liberia Marston, S., Knox, P., Liverman, D., Del Casino, V., Robbins, P. (2014). World Regions in Global Context (5th ed.). Pearson Education. Onishi, N. (2015, April 11). Empty Ebola Clinics in Liberia Are Seen as Misstep in U.S. Relief Effort. Retrieved April 7, 2015, from http://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/12/world/africa/idle-ebola-clinics-in-liberia-are-seen- as-misstep-in-us-relief-effort.html?_r=0 Toh, K. (2012). Long-Term Perspectives on Aid and Development in Africa. Fifty Years in USAID: Stories From the Front Lines. Arlington Hall Press. U.S. Agency for International Development. (2015, May 4). Retrieved May 5, 2015, from http://www.usaid.gov/ United States Africa Command. (n.d.). Retrieved May 2, 2015, from http://www.africom.mil/ Urban, A. (2015, April 15). Working to Beat Ebola Along the Border. Retrieved April 27, 2015, from http://blog.usaid.gov/2015/04/working-to-beat-ebola-along-the-border/

Essay --

She was often obstinate and arguable, creating several works using her knowledge of philosophy and bravely overcoming obstacles along the way. Mrs. Rand’s most popular novels were The Fountainhead and Atlas Shrugged. Although her career was initially interrupted when a play was unsuccessful and her first book sold inadequately, she quickly recovered with encouragement from close friends to continue her career. Alyssa Robinchaud, later known as Ayn Rand, was born in St. Petersburg, Russia, on February 2nd, 1905 as a Jew. Raised with her two younger siblings, Natasha and Nora, she grimly witnessed severe poverty, the Russian Revolution, and Communists seize her father’s shop, forcing her mother to begin teaching. Dissatisfied with life in St. Petersburg under the control of a few money-grabbing tyrants, Alyssa Robinchaud left Soviet Russia. She reassured them that the trip to America would be brief, but she had no intentions on returning. Intrigued with the beauty of America, she became a citizen in 1931. Arriving in New York in the February of 1926, Alyssa Robinchaud changed her name to Ayn Rand, protecting herself and her family’s identity since most members stayed in Russia. The New York Evening Post written in 1936 concluded that her last name was the abbreviation of her Russian family name. Her first name, Ayn, was the Finnish name, â€Å"Ina† without the ext ra ‘I’ at the end so the articulation was the letter ‘I’ with an additional ‘n’ following it. !!!! Several people pronounced it while remembering that it rhymes with ‘mine’. !!!! When working as an extra on the DeMille set, she met Frank O’ Conner, and they were married in 1929. Miss Rand never gave birth to any children, and when asked why, she replied that the â€Å"only... ...and be freed from possessing only what others allowed them to, they went to the forest and were content with everything that was available. The author proved that freedom was part of the formation of humans, that no society could rival it, and that adjustments were impossible if all were expected to consent to rules. Using her power of persuasion and intelligence, she was extremely successful in her life. With determination and quickly flowing thoughts, she wrote several books. I felt that The Fountainhead was a really effective book since it motivated me among other readers to think outside the box, but there were exaggerated parts. Unlike most people, he was so headstrong that he was dismissed from work and at some points with an unfavourable reputation. Ayn Rand clearly stated her opinions, stretching the main ideas and relating them to different situations.

With the Old Breed

â€Å"With The Old Breed† by Eugene Sledge is a startling account of World War II was based on his memoirs he witnessed as a mortar man with Kilo Company 3/5 on Peleliu and Okinawa. Less popularly know than other battles in the Pacific region, these battles were as bloody and ferocious as any other. Eugene Sledge gives a straightforward approach, illustrating the climate, conditions, and characterizing the morale of the Marines surrounding him fighting the Japanese. Eugene Sledge’s experience with the military began at Marion Military Institute. He later joined the V-12 officer-training program to prepare himself to become an officer in the military. He promptly left the comfortable life of college by leaving the program to enter boot camp at San Diego, California. The Marine Corp Recruit Depot, San Diego, became Sledge’s new home. The training He would receive would eventually save his life in the future. Corporal Doherty, Sledge’s drill instructor, amplified everything it meant to be a Marine and set a positive example for the recruits in his command. He demonstrated the attitude, character, strength, endurance, enthusiasm, experience, and determination of a true professional. He taught his platoon the basics of being a Marine. Weapons handling, shooting, marching, and discipline were emphasized through the entirety of boot camp. Sledge would use the basic Marine Corp knowledge as he furthered his training and preparation for combat at Camp Elliott. Arriving at Camp Elliott, Private First Class Sledge had to make a decision about which weaponry he wanted to be assigned and He would choose 60 mm mortars. A Non Commissioned Officer taught Sledge his entire knowledge of how to effectively operate his weapon, assemble and disassemble, and the knowledge to strike the enemy when the opportunity came. For PFC Sledge, the opportunity came earlier than he could imagine. PFC Sledge’s accounts of the battle are a great illustration to the actual battlefield. As though you are in the story, you can imagine the nervousness of the men, the sound of explosions, the whistling of rounds flying down range, and the cries of dying and injured Marines. From the beach assault to making landfall, Sledge carefully describes every footstep. September 15, 1944 was the day the Marines of Kilo Company 3/5 landed on Peleliu. Peleliu was a defensive stronghold for the Japanese, who were entrenched and waiting for the attack. The 10,000 Japanese defenders covered every square inch of Peleliu and fought use a new style of fighting. The defense-in-depth tactic would be used to cover more areas and inflict many more causalities than previous strategies. The bonsai attack, which sent the surviving Japanese on a suicide run towards the Americans, would not be used again. Private First Class Sledge would begin to learn that war does change a man forever. Sledged witnesses a human being cut open like an animal carcass for slaughter after the battle at Peleliu. A combat veteran comes upon the incident without hesitation and begins collecting all the gear of the dead man as though it is a scrap yard. Sledge freezes during the moment only focusing on the dead Japanese soldier. He would foreshadow the he too will be hardened later on as the battles become bloodier and the loss of friends weigh deeper on his mind. With the Old Breed His first tour of combat took place at Pipeline and Engineers where U. S. Soldiers and Japanese soldiers fought inhumanely and relentlessly, and maybe even pointlessly. He went on his second tour of combat at Okinawa, where he felt more obligated and certain of his duties. He had solid reasoning as to why everything was to take place with the second tour, unlike his uncertainty on the first one. With the Old Breed covers three mall themes: the Importance of being prepared, the cost of warfare and war stories.The importance of preparedness is a reoccurring theme in this narrative. Corporal T. J. Doherty, Drill Instructor of Platoon 984, was a great example of the importance of preparedness. For eight weeks of boot camp Corporal Doherty required the men to march on the beach in the sand, making it harder and more strenuous for them. Unlike other corporals and generals, Doherty does not engage In negative mental and psychological abuse. Corporal Doherty the highest level of performance from the men at the weakest times, for example, during their sleep schedules he would awaken them and demand unplanned hikes and exercise rituals.He made sure to train the men while they were sleep deprived and utterly exhausted. He also showed great attention to safety and weapons training. Sledge then went on to train for a few more months in infantry training school. Although this training not as stressful, It was equally demanding and intense. After this training was complete, Sledge was deployed to Fauve and received additional training that seemed pointless. All of this training was called upon when the united States invaded Pipeline. Other soldiers who had not completed this training or were pulled out of training early for battle were soon regretful.They did not last and were not as well equipped with skills to survive in battle. Some were even killed before their paperwork was processed. Sledge and others who had plentiful and adequate training held steadfast and fought an honorable fight. Sledge depicts himself as a patriotic, committed marine who was always prepared to serve his country under any circumstance; however, he understood and questioned the negative, sometimes unnecessary outcomes. He reflected in his passages the fatalities, the wounded soldiers, the psychological abuse of soldiers and even the brutality of the act itself.Sledge's subconscious often led him to question war, even though at the time of war he did not fight against It. As a marine, he did fact that other soldiers questioned were dominating Pipeline even relevant? Why not just bypass it like countless other Japanese possessed islands? Research of the Pipeline attack show that 6,256 U. S Marine soldiers and 10,900 Japanese casualties took place during this particular combat. The second battle, that took place in Okinawa, was fought with more evident understanding of why they were fighting.They did not question this battle as they did the first. He did not reflect upon this ba ttle as he did the first time. He condensed the fight to this quote, â€Å"their lives were wasted on a muddy stinking slope for no good reason† (p. 280). † With the Old Breed, in itself, is an old war story told by a marine veteran. This novel is a Sledge's personal recount of his strenuous training and time spent in battle, including people he felt were important to his story. He begins his story with his enlistment into the marines. He then takes us on a Journey through his career as a marine.He greatly details of his laborious, energy-consuming boot camp training, here they were greatly rest deprived, physically and mentally exhausted. He then continues with his infantry training, where he received even more training to prepare him, mind and body, for combat. His focus and emphasis placed on the training he received in the end was a grand part of the development of his story. Once the troops were sent in, Sledge and other soldiers of equal training endured, fought a nd strategists longer and stronger than their counterparts of lesser training. He went on to document and detail his time spent in Fauve, Pipeline and Engineers.After arriving combat in Pipeline and Engineers against the Japanese, Sledge was sent to Fauve for rest and work camp. His final combat zone was Okinawa; this was his second tour of combat. Needless to say, he survived here as well, thus the end of his war story. This personal memoir, or collection of war stories, recounts Sledge's experiences both in training and in actual combat. He analyzes what actually happens, whether it was the long, stressful training sessions or the even more brutal acts that took place on the battle field. He recounts and teaches a lesson.